Structural basis of eukaryotic cell targeting by type III secretion system (T3SS) effectors
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Updated: May 12, 2026

Identification of Growth Inhibition Phenotypes Induced by Expression of Bacterial Type III Effectors in Yeast
Published on: March 30, 2010
Tommaso Tosi1, Alexander Pflug, Karen F Discola
1Bacterial Pathogenesis Group, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble I, 41 rue Jules Horowitz, 38027 Grenoble, France.
Abstract:
Type III secretion systems (T3SS) are macromolecular complexes that translocate a wide number of effector proteins into eukaryotic host cells. Once within the cytoplasm, many T3SS effectors mimic the structure and/or function of eukaryotic proteins in order to manipulate signaling cascades, and thus play pivotal roles in colonization, invasion, survival and virulence. Structural biology techniques have played key roles in the unraveling of bacterial strategies employed for mimicry and targeting. This review provides an overall view of our current understanding of structure and function of T3SS effectors, as well as of the different classes of eukaryotic proteins that are targeted and the consequences for the infected cell.
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Sec61 protein conducting channel
In eukaryotes, the translocon complex comprises a core heterotrimeric translocator channel called the Sec61 complex. This channel includes three transmembrane proteins, Sec61α, Sec61β, and Sec61γ, and is the largest subunit of the translocon complex.

