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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Construction of Vapor Chambers Used to Expose Mice to Alcohol During the Equivalent of all Three Trimesters of Human Development
15:27

Construction of Vapor Chambers Used to Expose Mice to Alcohol During the Equivalent of all Three Trimesters of Human Development

Published on: July 13, 2014

Alcohol exposure during development: Impact on the epigenome.

Amy Perkins1, Claudia Lehmann, R Charles Lawrence

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, United States. fincha@sc.edu

International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience
|April 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Prenatal alcohol exposure alters epigenetic regulators in the rodent hippocampus, potentially explaining developmental effects. This study highlights changes in DNA methyltransferase activity and gene expression, offering insights into fetal alcohol spectrum disorders mechanisms.

Keywords:
ARNDBACBDNFCNSCTDMRDNA methyltransferaseDNMTETEpigeneticsFASFASDFetal alcohol spectrum disordersGDHATHDACHippocampusICMBDsMeCP2NCPDPFCalcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorderblood alcohol concentrationbrain-derived neurotrophic factorcentral nervous systemcrossing thresholddifferentially methylated regionethanol-exposed groupfetal alcohol spectrum disorderfetal alcohol syndromegestational dayhistone acetyltransferasehistone deacetylaseintubated control groupmethyl CpG binding protein 2methyl binding domainsnon-treated control grouppostnatal dayprefrontal cortex

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) encompass a range of neurodevelopmental issues from prenatal alcohol exposure.
  • The precise mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced teratogenesis, particularly in the brain, remain incompletely understood.
  • Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation, are implicated in long-term gene expression changes and developmental disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of developmental alcohol exposure on epigenetic regulators in the hippocampus.
  • To examine changes in the activity and gene expression of enzymes involved in epigenetic regulation during adolescence in a rodent model of FASD.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a three-trimester rodent model simulating prenatal and early postnatal alcohol exposure.
  • Assessed the activity of key epigenetic enzymes, including DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC).
  • Analyzed the gene expression levels of specific epigenetic regulators like DNMT1, DNMT3a, and methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) in the hippocampus.

Main Results:

  • Combined pre- and post-natal alcohol exposure significantly increased DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity in adolescent rodents.
  • Histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity remained unaffected by developmental alcohol exposure.
  • Developmental alcohol exposure led to altered gene expression of DNMT1, DNMT3a, and methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) in the hippocampus.

Conclusions:

  • Perinatal alcohol exposure induces significant modifications in the activity and expression of epigenetic regulators within the hippocampus.
  • These alcohol-induced epigenetic alterations suggest a potential mechanism for alcohol teratogenesis during critical developmental periods.
  • The findings underscore the role of epigenetics in mediating the long-term neurological consequences of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.