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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Meristems are crucial for plant postembryonic growth, containing stem/progenitor cells.
  • The mechanisms linking nutrient signaling to meristem activation in photosynthetic plants are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how nutrient signaling, specifically glucose from photosynthesis, regulates root meristem activation.
  • To elucidate the role of target-of-rapamycin (TOR) signaling in this process.

Main Methods:

  • Chemical manipulations and chemical genetics were employed at the photoautotrophic transition.
  • Systems, cellular, and genetic analyses were performed.
  • TOR phosphorylation of the E2Fa transcription factor was investigated.

Main Results:

  • Shoot photosynthesis-derived glucose activates root meristems via TOR signaling, glycolysis, and mitochondrial bioenergetics.
  • This process is independent of direct glucose sensing, growth hormones, and stem-cell maintenance.
  • Glucose-TOR signaling triggers significant transcriptional reprogramming across various cellular processes.
  • TOR phosphorylates E2Fa, leading to unconventional S-phase gene activation.

Conclusions:

  • Glucose-TOR signaling plays a pivotal role in plant development by controlling meristem activation and transcriptional networks.
  • This pathway integrates central metabolism, biosynthesis, and inter-organ nutrient coordination for growth.
  • Findings reveal novel roles for TOR in regulating cell cycle progression via transcription factor phosphorylation.