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Related Concept Videos

Microtubules01:35

Microtubules

There are three types of cytoskeletal structures in eukaryotic cells—microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. With a diameter of about 25 nm, microtubules are the thickest of these fibers. Microtubules carry out a variety of functions that include cell structure and support, transport of organelles, cell motility (movement), and the separation of chromosomes during cell division.
Microtubules in Cell Motility01:24

Microtubules in Cell Motility

Microtubules are thick hollow cylindrical proteins that help form the cytoskeleton. Microtubules have varied roles in the cell. These filaments help form cellular appendages like cilia and flagella, which are responsible for locomotion. The cilia arise from basal bodies, separated from the main body by a membrane-like structure forming the transition zone. This zone is the gate for the entry of lipids and proteins, creating a unique composition of lipids and proteins in the ciliary membrane and...
Adaptability of Cytoskeletal Filaments01:12

Adaptability of Cytoskeletal Filaments

The cytoskeleton is a complex dynamic structure performing varied functions based on cellular requirements. The adaptability of the individual filaments in the cytoskeleton determines their ability to perform various functions within the cell. It can undergo rapid reorganization during processes like cell division or remain stable for several hours as in the interphase. The adaptability of these filaments depends on stringent regulatory mechanisms. The microfilament and microtubules of the...
Introduction to Fibroblasts01:09

Introduction to Fibroblasts

Rudolph Virchow discovered spindle-shaped cells called fibroblasts in 1858. Inactive fibroblasts, called fibrocytes, become activated by various stimuli, such as growth factors and inflammatory cytokines. Activated fibroblasts play a crucial role in wound healing, inflammation, formation of new blood vessels, and cancer progression. Uncontrolled activation of fibroblasts results in fibrosis, the excess deposition of fibrous tissue, which can lead to scarring and affect normal organs. This...
Microbial Morphologies01:29

Microbial Morphologies

Bacterial and archaeal cells exhibit remarkable diversity in shape and structure, critical in their adaptability and functionality. Among bacteria, the most commonly observed shapes include cocci and bacilli. Cocci are spherical and may exist singly or in groupings such as pairs (diplococci), chains (streptococci), clusters (staphylococci), or tetrads. Bacilli, in contrast, are rod-shaped and can also occur as single cells, in pairs, or chains, depending on their environmental and genetic...
Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures01:32

Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures

Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Finite Element Modelling of a Cellular Electric Microenvironment
08:23

Finite Element Modelling of a Cellular Electric Microenvironment

Published on: May 18, 2021

Metre-long cell-laden microfibres exhibit tissue morphologies and functions.

Hiroaki Onoe1, Teru Okitsu, Akane Itou

  • 1Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

Nature Materials
|April 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Researchers created long, core-shell hydrogel microfibres using microfluidics. These functional fibres can rebuild tissue structures and restore function in diabetic mice, offering new possibilities for tissue engineering.

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Engineering Three-dimensional Epithelial Tissues Embedded within Extracellular Matrix
08:49

Engineering Three-dimensional Epithelial Tissues Embedded within Extracellular Matrix

Published on: July 10, 2016

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Finite Element Modelling of a Cellular Electric Microenvironment
08:23

Finite Element Modelling of a Cellular Electric Microenvironment

Published on: May 18, 2021

Engineering Three-dimensional Epithelial Tissues Embedded within Extracellular Matrix
08:49

Engineering Three-dimensional Epithelial Tissues Embedded within Extracellular Matrix

Published on: July 10, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Tissue engineering aims to reconstruct functional tissues in vitro.
  • Developing methods for creating organized, cell-laden constructs is crucial for this field.
  • Existing methods often struggle with scalability and maintaining cellular function over long structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for fabricating metre-long, core-shell hydrogel microfibres encapsulating cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins.
  • To demonstrate the ability of these microfibres to reconstitute tissue morphology and function.
  • To explore the assembly of these microfibres into macroscopic cellular structures and their therapeutic potential.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a microfluidic device with double-coaxial laminar flow for microfibre fabrication.
  • Encapsulated differentiated cells or somatic stem cells along with ECM proteins within the hydrogel core-shell structure.
  • Employed weaving and reeling techniques to assemble microfibres into larger constructs.
  • Transplanted microfibres containing pancreatic islet cells into diabetic mice.

Main Results:

  • Successfully fabricated metre-long core-shell hydrogel microfibres.
  • Demonstrated that the microfibres maintain cellular viability and reconstitute intrinsic tissue morphologies and functions.
  • Showcased the assembly of microfibres into diverse macroscopic cellular structures.
  • Achieved normalization of blood glucose levels in diabetic mice for approximately two weeks post-transplantation of islet cell-laden microfibres.

Conclusions:

  • Microfluidic fabrication of core-shell hydrogel microfibres provides a scalable method for creating functional tissue templates.
  • These engineered microfibres can be assembled into complex structures and exhibit therapeutic potential in vivo.
  • The technology holds promise for regenerating fibre-shaped tissues like muscle fibres, blood vessels, and nerve networks.