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Related Concept Videos

Hand hygiene01:23

Hand hygiene

Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
Hand washing...
Handwashing II: Pre-procedure and Initial Procedure Steps01:19

Handwashing II: Pre-procedure and Initial Procedure Steps

The pre-procedure steps of handwashing include removing jewelry and rolling up sleeves. However, many organizations allow staff to wear wedding rings.
The hand washing procedure itself includes the following steps. First, cover cuts, if any, on hands with a waterproof dressing. Cuts and abrasions can become contaminated with bacteria hindering the ability to clean the area thoroughly. In addition, repeated hand washing can worsen an injury.  The nails must be short and clean, without nail paint...
Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair01:24

Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair

The immune system's inflammatory response destroys the invading pathogen, permitting the tissue to heal. The changes during the cellular and vascular stages allow exudate formation at the site of inflammation. The inflammatory exudate released from the wound has high protein content and a specific gravity above 1.020.
The typical wound exudate is odorless, transparent, straw-colored, thin, and watery. Exudate, however, can differ depending on the state of wound healing. Likewise, the exudate's...
Phases of Wound Repair01:28

Phases of Wound Repair

Following injury, the integrity of the injured tissues must be reestablished. For example, in skin tissue, wound repair involves coordination among resident skin cells, blood mononuclear cells, extracellular matrix, growth factors, and cytokines to complete the healing cascade.
Formation of Blood Clot
In case of deep injuries, trauma to blood vessels results in blood loss. In the meantime, phospholipids released from the ruptured endothelial cellular membrane are converted into arachidonic...
Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory neuropathy reduces pain perception,...
Handwashing III: During the Procedure and Post-Procedure Steps01:15

Handwashing III: During the Procedure and Post-Procedure Steps

To wash hands properly, follow these steps:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

A Standardized Procedure of Dressing Management for Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
07:22

A Standardized Procedure of Dressing Management for Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

Published on: March 14, 2025

Wound cleansing for pressure ulcers.

Zena E H Moore1, Seamus Cowman

  • 1Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. zmoore@rcsi.ie.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|April 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review found limited evidence on wound cleansing for pressure ulcers. One solution showed improvement, but overall, more research is needed for effective pressure ulcer care strategies.

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Application of Lucilia sericata Larvae in Debridement of Pressure Wounds in Outpatient Settings
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Application of Lucilia sericata Larvae in Debridement of Pressure Wounds in Outpatient Settings

Published on: December 4, 2021

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

A Standardized Procedure of Dressing Management for Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
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Application of Lucilia sericata Larvae in Debridement of Pressure Wounds in Outpatient Settings
09:37

Application of Lucilia sericata Larvae in Debridement of Pressure Wounds in Outpatient Settings

Published on: December 4, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Wound healing research
  • Clinical nursing practice
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Pressure ulcers (bed sores) are tissue damage in immobile individuals, causing significant healthcare costs and reduced quality of life.
  • Effective wound cleansing is crucial for managing pressure ulcers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the effect of different wound cleansing solutions and techniques on the healing rate of pressure ulcers.

Main Methods:

  • Searched multiple databases (Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL) up to January 2013 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
  • Included RCTs compared wound cleansing methods (solutions or techniques) against no cleansing or other methods, with objective healing measures.
  • Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed independently by two reviewers; meta-analysis was not feasible due to study heterogeneity.

Main Results:

  • Three small RCTs (169 participants) met the inclusion criteria; no studies compared cleansing versus no cleansing.
  • One study showed a significant improvement in healing scores with Vulnopur (a saline spray with Aloe vera, silver chloride, and decyl glucoside) compared to isotonic saline (P=0.025).
  • No significant difference in healing was observed when comparing water to saline. Pulsatile lavage significantly reduced ulcer volume compared to sham cleansing (MD -6.60, 95% CI -11.23 to -1.97).

Conclusions:

  • The review identified a lack of robust trial evidence to support specific wound cleansing solutions or techniques for pressure ulcers.
  • While one solution (Vulnopur) showed promise, and pulsatile lavage reduced ulcer volume, further high-quality research is necessary.
  • Current evidence does not support the routine use of any particular cleansing method for pressure ulcers.