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Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Studies01:26

Longitudinal Studies

Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:
Observational Studies01:11

Observational Studies

Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One example of...
Study Designs in Epidemiology01:20

Study Designs in Epidemiology

Epidemiological study designs are fundamental tools for investigating the distribution, determinants, and control of health conditions in populations. They help researchers understand the relationships between exposures and outcomes, and they broadly fall into two categories: "observational" and "experimental" studies.
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies.
Cross-Sectional Research01:50

Cross-Sectional Research

In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...
Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...

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Breakfast Habits among Schoolchildren in the City of Uruguaiana, Brazil
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Published on: July 29, 2020

Cohort profile: The Gubbio Population Study.

Massimo Cirillo1, Oscar Terradura-Vagnarelli2, Mario Mancini2

  • 1Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy, Centre of Preventive Medicine, Gubbio, Italy, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy, Association for Cardiac Research, Rome, Italy and Istituto Auxologico Italiano, University of Milan, Milan, Italy mcirillo@unisa.it.

International Journal of Epidemiology
|April 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The Gubbio Study tracked hypertension and cellular electrolyte handling in an Italian population over 30 years. This epidemiological research collected extensive health and lifestyle data for comprehensive analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • The Gubbio Study is a long-term prospective epidemiological research initiative.
  • It initially focused on hypertension control and cellular electrolyte handling.
  • The study expanded its objectives over its 30-year duration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate hypertension and its relationship with cellular electrolyte handling.
  • To gather comprehensive health, lifestyle, and demographic data from a defined population.
  • To facilitate long-term health outcome tracking, including hospitalizations and mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study design involving three active screenings.
  • Inclusion of individuals aged 5 years and older residing within Gubbio's medieval walls, plus external family members.
  • Collection of diverse data: demographics, medical history, lifestyle, anthropometry, blood pressure, biochemistry, and specialized cellular electrolyte tests.

Main Results:

  • High participation rate (92%) with 5376 individuals in the first exam (1983-86).
  • Comprehensive longitudinal data collected across three examination periods (1983-2007).
  • Data linkage with hospitalizations, mortality, and causes of death for outcome analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The Gubbio Study provides a valuable, long-term dataset for epidemiological research.
  • It enables in-depth analysis of hypertension, cellular electrolyte handling, and related health outcomes.
  • The study's data sharing promotes collaborative research in public health and cardiovascular disease.