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An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime
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Encouraging and clarifying "don't know" responses enhances interview quality.

Alan Scoboria1, Stephanie Fisico

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. scoboria@uwindsor.ca

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied
|April 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Encouraging witnesses to use "don't know" (DK) responses improves accuracy in investigative interviews. Clarifying DK responses further enhances information quality by revealing correct recall or non-recall of details.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Forensic Psychology
  • Interviewing Techniques

Background:

  • Investigative interviewers aim for complete and accurate witness accounts.
  • The impact of "don't know" (DK) responses on interview quality is not fully understood.
  • Existing practices may implicitly discourage DK responses, potentially affecting data accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how instructing witnesses to use DK responses influences the quality of their accounts.
  • To examine the effect of clarifying the meaning of DK responses on information accuracy.
  • To compare the performance of participants encouraged to use DK responses versus those discouraged or in a control group.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies were conducted where participants watched a video and were later interviewed.
  • Participants were randomized into groups: DK encouraged, DK discouraged, or control.
  • Following initial questioning, the meaning of DK responses was clarified.

Main Results:

  • Encouraging DK responses led to fewer questions answered and fewer errors during initial questioning.
  • Clarifying DK responses revealed most were accurate statements of information presence or absence.
  • The DK-encouraged group showed greater improvements post-clarification with sustained lower error rates.

Conclusions:

  • Encouraging DK responses reduces over-reporting and enhances the accuracy of witness accounts.
  • Clarifying DK responses provides valuable information about recall and non-recall.
  • Both encouraging DK responses and clarifying their meaning improve the diagnosticity and accuracy of investigative interviews.