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Related Concept Videos

Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...
Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent – the...
Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Crystallization of Membrane Proteins in Lipidic Mesophases
11:53

Crystallization of Membrane Proteins in Lipidic Mesophases

Published on: March 28, 2011

Impurity partitioning during colloidal crystallization.

Jun Nozawa1, Satoshi Uda, Yuhei Naradate

  • 1Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan. nozawa@imr.tohoku.ac.jp

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|April 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Impurity partitioning during colloidal crystal growth was studied. The effective partition coefficient (k(eff)) varied with impurity size and growth rate, aligning with the Burton, Prim, and Slichter model.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Colloid Science

Background:

  • Impurity partitioning significantly impacts colloidal crystal growth and properties.
  • Understanding solute incorporation is crucial for controlling crystal formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate impurity partitioning during colloidal crystal growth.
  • To analyze the influence of impurity size and growth rate on the effective partition coefficient (k(eff)).
  • To explore the behavior of polystyrene and fluorescent particle impurities using the Burton, Prim, and Slichter (BPS) model.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental investigation of impurity partitioning during colloidal crystal growth.
  • Systematic variation of particle diameter ratios (d(imp)/d(cryst)) and growth rates (V).
  • Analysis of impurity concentration in solid (CS) and initial solution (C0) to determine k(eff) and k0.

Main Results:

  • k(eff) was less than unity for polystyrene impurities and increased with growth rate and decreasing size ratio.
  • k(eff) approached unity as impurity size approached host particle size.
  • The Burton, Prim, and Slichter (BPS) model accurately described the solute behavior, with equilibrium partition coefficient (k0) increasing with size ratio.
  • Fluorescent particles exhibited higher k0 values than polystyrene, with k0 > 1 for size-matched impurities, indicating positive free energy of fusion.

Conclusions:

  • Impurity partitioning is size and growth rate dependent in colloidal crystallization.
  • The BPS model provides a framework for understanding impurity incorporation.
  • Differences in k0 for fluorescent particles suggest specific particle-matrix interactions and enthalpy effects.