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Related Concept Videos

Equilibrium and Balance01:15

Equilibrium and Balance

The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
Unrenewable Cells00:50

Unrenewable Cells

In humans, the photoreceptor cells of the eye and sensory hair cells of the ear lack stem cells. These cells are thus unrenewable and cannot be replaced when they are damaged or destroyed.
Photoreceptors
The retina is composed of several layers and contains specialized cells called photoreceptors. The photoreceptors (rods and cones) change their membrane potential when stimulated by light energy. There are two types of photoreceptors—rods and cones—which differ in the shape of their outer...
The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

A Protocol for Decellularizing Mouse Cochleae for Inner Ear Tissue Engineering
09:53

A Protocol for Decellularizing Mouse Cochleae for Inner Ear Tissue Engineering

Published on: January 1, 2018

Inner ear supporting cells: rethinking the silent majority.

Guoqiang Wan1, Gabriel Corfas, Jennifer S Stone

  • 1FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|April 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inner ear supporting cells, once thought passive, actively contribute to development, function, and repair. This review highlights their crucial roles and potential for hair cell regeneration.

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Inner ear sensory epithelia comprise hair cells and supporting cells.
  • Hair cells are known for mechanoreception and synaptic transmission.
  • Supporting cells were traditionally considered to have only structural and homeostatic roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of inner ear supporting cells.
  • To explore their involvement in development, function, and maintenance.
  • To discuss their potential in hair cell regeneration and underlying mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on inner ear supporting cells.
  • Analysis of studies on supporting cell function in physiological and pathological states.
  • Examination of mechanisms related to supporting cell activity and regeneration.

Main Results:

  • Supporting cells play active roles beyond structural support.
  • They are involved in inner ear development, function, and maintenance.
  • Supporting cells hold significant potential for hair cell regeneration.

Conclusions:

  • Inner ear supporting cells are critical for auditory and vestibular system health.
  • Understanding their functions is key to developing new therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeting supporting cells may unlock novel approaches for hearing and balance restoration.