Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Morpho-cultural, pathogenic, and molecular diversity, and population structure analysis of <i>Bipolaris sorokiniana</i> causing spot blotch disease in wheat.

Frontiers in microbiology·2026
Same author

Design and performance analysis of Cs<sub>2</sub>AgBiBr<sub>6</sub>-based double perovskite solar cells with different inorganic charge transport layers: a numerical modeling study.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Corrigendum to: miRNA in Diagnosis and Therapeutics of Tuberculosis: Importance in Latent and Brain Associated Pathologies.

Current pharmaceutical design·2026
Same author

Adaptation and exploratory factor analysis of a PCOS-specific HRQoL questionnaire in a South Indian population.

BMC women's health·2026
Same author

Cascade [3+2] Nitrone-Olefin Cycloaddition and Molybdenum-Mediated Oxidative Cyclization for Polycyclic Isoxazolidines and Tetrahydropyridines.

Organic letters·2026
Same author

ToxiTaRGET: a multi-omics database for toxicant-responsive molecular targets.

Nature communications·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Standardized Modular Assembly of Polycistronic Operons with Modular Cloning (MoClo) using the In-Cloning toolkit
06:28

Standardized Modular Assembly of Polycistronic Operons with Modular Cloning (MoClo) using the In-Cloning toolkit

Published on: September 2, 2025

Replication clamps and clamp loaders.

Mark Hedglin1, Ravindra Kumar, Stephen J Benkovic

  • 1Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
|April 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA polymerases use sliding clamps for processivity during replication. Clamp loaders, powered by ATP, open these rings and load them onto DNA at primer-template junctions, ensuring accurate DNA synthesis.

More Related Videos

CRISPR-based Shuttle Cloning: A High-throughput Cloning Method
04:25

CRISPR-based Shuttle Cloning: A High-throughput Cloning Method

Published on: June 13, 2025

CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure
09:20

CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure

Published on: September 14, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Standardized Modular Assembly of Polycistronic Operons with Modular Cloning (MoClo) using the In-Cloning toolkit
06:28

Standardized Modular Assembly of Polycistronic Operons with Modular Cloning (MoClo) using the In-Cloning toolkit

Published on: September 2, 2025

CRISPR-based Shuttle Cloning: A High-throughput Cloning Method
04:25

CRISPR-based Shuttle Cloning: A High-throughput Cloning Method

Published on: June 13, 2025

CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure
09:20

CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure

Published on: September 14, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • DNA replication requires high processivity, achieved by DNA polymerases associating with sliding clamps.
  • Sliding clamps are ring-shaped proteins that encircle DNA, facilitating polymerase movement.
  • The closed structure of clamps necessitates specialized enzymes for their loading onto DNA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structure and composition of sliding clamps and clamp loaders.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of clamp loading across different life domains and viruses.
  • To present the current understanding of the clamp-loading process.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of sliding clamp and clamp loader structures.
  • Review of biochemical studies on clamp-loading mechanisms.
  • Integration of structural and functional data from diverse organisms.

Main Results:

  • Sliding clamps and clamp loaders exhibit conserved structural features across the three domains of life and T4 bacteriophage.
  • Clamp loaders utilize ATP hydrolysis to open clamp rings and load them onto primer-template junctions.
  • The loading process is specific to primer-template junctions and ensures correct orientation for DNA replication.

Conclusions:

  • Sliding clamps and clamp loaders are essential components for efficient and accurate DNA replication.
  • The clamp-loading mechanism is conserved, highlighting its fundamental importance in DNA metabolism.
  • Further research into these complexes can reveal insights into DNA repair and genome stability.