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Updated: May 12, 2026

Visualizing Early Infection Sites of Rice Blast Disease (Magnaporthe oryzae) on Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Using a Basic Microscope and a Smartphone
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Within-host competition between barley yellow dwarf-PAV and -PAS.

Gerod S Hall1, Damon P Little

  • 1Cornell University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Corson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. ghall@casacolumbia.org

Virus Research
|April 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Barley yellow dwarf viruses PAV and PAS compete within hosts. PAV generally dominates, but PAS can persist if it infects first, influencing virus transmission dynamics and diversity.

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Visualizing Early Infection Sites of Rice Blast Disease (Magnaporthe oryzae) on Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Using a Basic Microscope and a Smartphone
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Measuring Gene Expression in Bombarded Barley Aleurone Layers with Increased Throughput

Published on: March 30, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Plant Virology
  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) comprises multiple species, including PAV and PAS.
  • PAV and PAS share hosts, vectors, and geographic distributions, leading to potential competition.
  • Understanding interspecies competition is crucial for virus population dynamics and host health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how competition between PAV and PAS influences virus growth within hosts.
  • To determine the impact of competition on virus transmission rates between hosts.
  • To analyze how these interactions shape virus population structure and genetic diversity.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Varied inoculation order and time intervals of PAV and PAS in host plants.
  • Measured relative virus concentrations at multiple time points post-inoculation.
  • Experiment 2: Assessed vector transmission rates from single and mixed PAV/PAS infections.

Main Results:

  • PAV consistently dominated the virus population by 33 days post-inoculation, regardless of inoculation order.
  • PAV exhibited significantly higher transmission odds from mixed infections, except when PAS had a 15-day inoculation advantage.
  • Persistent co-infection was observed, with PAV more frequently transmitted from mixed infections.

Conclusions:

  • Within-host competition between PAV and PAS favors PAV's dominance and transmission.
  • Interactions can lead to competitive exclusion of PAS but also allow for co-existence.
  • These dynamics contribute to maintaining genetic diversity within the barley yellow dwarf virus community.