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Related Concept Videos

Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

A Rat Tibial Growth Plate Injury Model to Characterize Repair Mechanisms and Evaluate Growth Plate Regeneration Strategies
06:53

A Rat Tibial Growth Plate Injury Model to Characterize Repair Mechanisms and Evaluate Growth Plate Regeneration Strategies

Published on: July 4, 2017

Pediatric physeal ankle fracture.

Thomas H Wuerz1, David P Gurd

  • 1Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
|April 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric ankle fractures often involve the physis (growth plate), posing risks for growth disturbances. Accurate diagnosis and management, guided by the Salter-Harris classification, are crucial for optimal outcomes in children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Orthopedics
  • Pediatric Traumatology
  • Pediatric Radiology

Background:

  • Ankle fractures are common in children, with physeal (growth plate) injuries being a significant concern due to their vulnerability in growing bones.
  • Traumatic injuries can lead to physeal damage, potentially causing long-term complications like limb length discrepancy or angular deformities.
  • Clinical signs include tenderness over the physis, swelling, bruising, and deformity, necessitating prompt and accurate diagnostic evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis, classification, and management of pediatric ankle fractures, with a specific focus on physeal injuries.
  • To highlight the importance of appropriate imaging and classification systems for guiding treatment and predicting prognosis.
  • To discuss potential complications and management strategies, particularly for transitional fractures like Tillaux and triplane fractures.

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Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model
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Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model

Published on: April 18, 2011

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

A Rat Tibial Growth Plate Injury Model to Characterize Repair Mechanisms and Evaluate Growth Plate Regeneration Strategies
06:53

A Rat Tibial Growth Plate Injury Model to Characterize Repair Mechanisms and Evaluate Growth Plate Regeneration Strategies

Published on: July 4, 2017

Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model
10:08

Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model

Published on: April 18, 2011

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentation, including physical examination findings suggestive of physeal injury.
  • Evaluation of imaging modalities, emphasizing the role of plain radiographs and computed tomography (CT) for assessing displacement and surgical planning.
  • Application of the Salter-Harris classification system for categorizing physeal fractures and informing management decisions.

Main Results:

  • Plain radiographs are effective for initial assessment, while CT scans provide detailed information for complex or intra-articular fractures.
  • The Salter-Harris classification is instrumental in determining treatment strategies and evaluating the long-term prognosis of physeal ankle fractures.
  • Transitional fractures (Tillaux and triplane) occurring before physeal closure require careful consideration of remaining growth potential.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis and classification of pediatric ankle physeal fractures are essential for preventing complications such as growth disturbances.
  • Management should be tailored based on the fracture pattern, degree of displacement, and remaining growth potential to ensure optimal functional outcomes.
  • Early and appropriate intervention can mitigate the risks of joint incongruity and long-term deformities in pediatric ankle fractures.