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Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers
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Capturing reflected cladding modes from a fiber Bragg grating with a double-clad fiber coupler.

Mohamad Diaa Baiad1, Mathieu Gagné, Simon Lemire-Renaud

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal H3C 3A7, QC, Canada. mohamad-diaa.baiad@polymtl.ca

Optics Express
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A new method uses a double-clad fiber coupler (DCFC) and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) to measure cladding modes. This technique offers high sensitivity for refractive index sensing and can be adapted for various sensor applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Optoelectronics
  • Fiber optic sensing
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Cladding modes in optical fibers are crucial for sensing applications but challenging to measure directly.
  • Existing methods for cladding mode analysis often lack efficiency and simplicity.
  • Developing novel techniques to resolve and utilize cladding modes is essential for advancing fiber optic sensor technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel measurement scheme for resolving cladding modes using a double-clad fiber coupler (DCFC) and a fiber Bragg grating (FBG).
  • To demonstrate the direct measurement of optical spectra and power in cladding modes.
  • To showcase the device's capability for high-sensitivity refractive index (SRI) measurement and its adaptability for diverse sensor types.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a specialized DCFC by tapering and fusing two double-clad fibers.
  • Splicing the DCFC to a highly reflective FBG written into a slightly etched standard single-mode fiber.
  • Utilizing the device to capture backward propagating low and high order cladding modes.
  • Measuring the surrounding refractive index (SRI) within a specific range (1.37 to 1.45 RIU).

Main Results:

  • Successful capture of backward propagating low and high order cladding modes with simplicity and efficiency.
  • Achieved extremely high sensitivity for SRI measurement (69.769 ± 0.035 μW/RIU).
  • Demonstrated high resolution (1.433 × 10(-5) ± 8 × 10(-9) RIU) and a broad operating range (1.30 to 1.45 RIU).

Conclusions:

  • The proposed scheme effectively resolves cladding modes using a DCFC and FBG.
  • The developed device offers a robust platform for high-performance SRI sensing.
  • The adaptable nature of this scheme opens possibilities for various evanescent wave-based sensors, including those for bend and temperature.