Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 12, 2026

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction
Published on: May 17, 2024
Spondylocostal dysostosis associated with type I split cord malformation and double nipple on one side: a case report
Muhammet Bahadır Yilmaz1, Aysegul Kaymak, Gokhan Kurt
1Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Ankara, Turkey. bahadiryilmaz@yahoo.com.tr
Abstract:
Jarcho Levin syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by multipl vertebral and costal anomalies at birth. Jarcho Levin syndrome includes two phenotypic groups: spondylothoracic dysostosis and spondylocostal dysostosis. The prognosis of spondylothoracic dysostosis has worse than spondylocostal dysostosis, because of respiratory complications. Associated malformations include those of the congenital heart disease, urogenital malformation, skeletal anomalies and neural tube defects. We present a patient with spondylocostal dysostosis, who also had type I split cord malformation, tethered cord, scoliosis and double nipple on the right. Although the association of spondylocostal dysostosis and type I split cord malformation is very rare, double nipples on one side is no previously reported.
Related Concept Videos
Bone Disorders
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
Pleiotropy
Nondisjunction
Nondisjunction
Nondisjunction