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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...
Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management01:18

Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management

Nursing management is essential for preventing complications, maintaining stability, and improving patients' quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD). By using a structured approach, nurses help slow CKD progression and support effective patient care​.1. Comprehensive patient assessmentEffective management begins with nurses reviewing the patient’s medical history, and identifying key risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drug use. Nurses assess signs of fluid...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
10:31

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice

Published on: May 2, 2025

Detecting and controlling diabetic nephropathy: what do we know?

Gerald Appel1

  • 1Clinical Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. gba2@columbia.edu

Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
|April 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Diabetic nephropathy is a growing concern, often linked to aging and obesity. Key management strategies include blood pressure control, blood sugar regulation, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibition.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Diabetic nephropathy prevalence is rising, associated with population aging and the obesity epidemic.
  • This condition represents a significant complication of diabetes mellitus, impacting kidney function.
  • Effective management is crucial to prevent long-term kidney damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current understanding and management strategies for diabetic nephropathy.
  • To highlight the importance of established therapeutic targets.
  • To acknowledge emerging treatment modalities.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current medical literature on diabetic nephropathy.
  • Analysis of established and experimental therapeutic approaches.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
10:31

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice

Published on: May 2, 2025

  • Synthesis of evidence regarding blood pressure, glycemic control, and RAAS inhibition.

    • Main Results:

    • Reducing blood pressure is a primary method to slow diabetic nephropathy progression.
    • Strict blood sugar control is essential for managing diabetic nephropathy.
    • Inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis is a key therapeutic strategy.

    Conclusions:

    • Comprehensive management of diabetic nephropathy involves multifaceted approaches.
    • Controlling hypertension and hyperglycemia are cornerstones of treatment.
    • Further research into new therapeutic agents is ongoing and promising.