Mitotic bookmarking by transcription factors
Stephan Kadauke1, Gerd A Blobel
1Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. blobel@email.chop.edu.
Epigenetics & Chromatin
|April 4, 2013
Summary
Cellular identity is maintained during mitosis through "mitotic bookmarking," where specific DNA-binding factors remain on chromatin. These factors help transmit regulatory information through the transcriptionally silent cell division phase.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Mitosis involves significant chromatin and nuclear reorganization, leading to global transcription halt.
- Most transcription factors are ejected from mitotic chromatin, posing a challenge for maintaining transcriptional identity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review methods for studying potential mitotic bookmarking factors.
- To summarize current understanding of the in vivo functions of nuclear factors bound during mitosis.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent approaches to study mitotic partitioning of factors.
- Analysis of emerging ideas on in vivo functions of mitotically bound nuclear factors.
Main Results:
- Not all transcriptional marks are erased during mitosis; some histone modifications are stable.
- Certain sequence-specific DNA-binding factors remain bound to select sites on mitotic chromatin.
Conclusions:
- The concept of "mitotic bookmarking" proposes that bound factors transmit regulatory information through the silent mitotic phase.
- Mitotic bookmarking offers a mechanism for maintaining cellular transcriptional identity across cell division.
Related Concept Videos
02:19The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint
The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
03:17Inheritance of Chromatin Structures
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
02:15M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis
Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...
02:15M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis
Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...
02:23Master Transcription Regulators
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
01:30General Transcription Factors
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...