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Related Concept Videos

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins01:03

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins

For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Tools to Study the Role of Architectural Protein HMGB1 in the Processing of Helix Distorting, Site-specific DNA Interstrand Crosslinks
12:19

Tools to Study the Role of Architectural Protein HMGB1 in the Processing of Helix Distorting, Site-specific DNA Interstrand Crosslinks

Published on: November 10, 2016

Human single-stranded DNA binding proteins are essential for maintaining genomic stability.

Nicholas W Ashton1, Emma Bolderson, Liza Cubeddu

  • 1Genome Stability Laboratory, Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia.

BMC Molecular Biology
|April 4, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Single-stranded DNA binding proteins, utilizing the conserved OB-fold domain, are crucial for maintaining genomic stability. These proteins protect DNA during replication, repair, and telomere maintenance, ensuring cellular viability.

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Visualizing Single-Stranded DNA Foci in the G1 Phase of the Cell Cycle
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Visualizing Single-Stranded DNA Foci in the G1 Phase of the Cell Cycle

Published on: December 22, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Tools to Study the Role of Architectural Protein HMGB1 in the Processing of Helix Distorting, Site-specific DNA Interstrand Crosslinks
12:19

Tools to Study the Role of Architectural Protein HMGB1 in the Processing of Helix Distorting, Site-specific DNA Interstrand Crosslinks

Published on: November 10, 2016

Visualizing Single-Stranded DNA Foci in the G1 Phase of the Cell Cycle
08:30

Visualizing Single-Stranded DNA Foci in the G1 Phase of the Cell Cycle

Published on: December 22, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cellular DNA typically exists in a double-stranded form for stability and protection.
  • Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) is transiently exposed during essential processes like replication, transcription, and DNA repair.
  • Exposure of ssDNA necessitates specific proteins for its management and protection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the roles of single-stranded DNA binding proteins with OB-fold domains in maintaining genomic stability.
  • To highlight their importance in cellular viability and preventing malignant transformation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on OB-fold domain-containing ssDNA binding proteins.
  • Analysis of their functions in key cellular processes.

Main Results:

  • OB-fold domain proteins are essential for sequestering and processing exposed single-stranded DNA.
  • These proteins play critical roles in DNA replication and the restart of stalled replication forks.
  • They are also vital for DNA damage repair, cell cycle checkpoint activation, and telomere maintenance.

Conclusions:

  • Single-stranded DNA binding proteins with OB-fold domains are central to genomic stability.
  • Their functions are indispensable for cellular viability and the prevention of cancer.