Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
10:31

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice

Published on: May 2, 2025

[Arterial hypertension in diabetes mellitus: classical concepts and modern tendencies]

M N Mamedov

    Kardiologiia
    |April 4, 2013
    PubMed

    Insights

    This review examines arterial hypertension (AH) in patients with metabolic issues and type 2 diabetes. It analyzes target blood pressure levels and antihypertensive drug efficacy, highlighting carvedilol's effectiveness in comorbid patients.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Endocrinology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Arterial hypertension (AH) is a significant concern in patients with metabolic disturbances and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    • Managing AH in this comorbid population presents unique challenges.
    • Understanding optimal treatment strategies is crucial for patient outcomes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review current challenges in managing arterial hypertension (AH) in patients with metabolic disturbances and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    • To analyze target arterial pressure levels and principles for AH correction in this population.
    • To present a meta-analysis of antihypertensive drug efficacy and focus on carvedilol's effectiveness.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature and meta-analysis of large-scale studies.
    • Analysis of multicenter clinical studies focusing on antihypertensive drug efficacy.
    • Specific examination of carvedilol's effectiveness in patients with comorbid conditions.

    Main Results:

    • The review analyzes target arterial pressure levels and correction principles for AH in patients with metabolic disturbances and type 2 diabetes.
    • A meta-analysis of large studies demonstrates the efficacy of various antihypertensive drug classes.
    • Multicenter clinical studies show promising results for carvedilol in managing comorbid hypertension and diabetes.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective management of arterial hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic disturbances requires tailored approaches.
    • Various antihypertensive drug classes show efficacy, with carvedilol demonstrating particular benefit in comorbid patients.
    • Further research and clinical application of findings are essential for improving patient care and outcomes.

    Related Concept Videos

    Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

    Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

    Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
    Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

    Hypertension I: Introduction

    Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
    Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

    Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

    Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
    Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

    Diabetic Nephropathy

    Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
    Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

    Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

    Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
    Alterations in Blood Pressure01:30

    Alterations in Blood Pressure

    Alterations in blood pressure, such as hypertension (high blood pressure) and hypotension (low blood pressure), significantly affect human health. Understanding these conditions' classifications, causes, and symptoms is essential for effective management and treatment.
    Hypertension (High blood pressure)
    Hypertension occurs when blood pressure readings consistently exceed the normal range. It is diagnosed when systolic blood pressure (the top number, indicating pressure while the heart beats)...