Effect of growth hormones on some antioxidant parameters and gene expression in tomato

Bioregulators have a great effect on vital processes of plant growth and development. Known plant bioregulators include Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Natural or synthetic plant bioregulators are organic compounds that affect the physiological processes in the plant, either to control some of these processes or to modify them. For example these bioregulators can affect the nature of the process, either by accelerating or decelerating plant growth, rates of maturation and also by altering the behavior of the plants or their products. Also, enhancement of important nutrients in human diet could be achieved by bioregulators.   This study uses the model crop plant Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Tomato is affected by a group of bioregulators, this group contains compounds which are powerful antioxidants in vitro. The current study aims to find out the effect of some plant bioregulators (IAA, IBA and NAA) on tomato growth, total protein content and enzyme activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). This study also investigates the effect of the above mentioned bioregulators on the level of RNA expression for SOD, CAT and TPX1 genes. The analytical quantification of target gene expression showed the induced effect of NAA on SOD expression and reducing effect of the other bioregulators (IAA and IBA) on CAT and TPX1 expression. However, at the protein level, we found that IBA and IAA caused a minor effect on total protein content while a significant effect was recorded on the total protein level using NAA. Upon measuring the enzyme activity of ascorbate peroxidase and catalase, we found that both the exogenous NAA and IBA stimulated ascorbate peroxidase activity in tomato while there was no considerable difference detected in IAA treated plants. Also, there was no considerable difference detected in catalase activity of all bioregulator-treated plants compared with the control.