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Temperature Measurement Sites

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...

Thermometers and Temperature Scales

Thermometers and Temperature Scales

Any physical property that depends consistently and reproducibly on temperature can be used as the basis of a thermometer. For example, volume increases with temperature for most substances. This property is the basis for the common alcohol thermometer and the original mercury thermometers. Other properties used to measure temperature include electrical resistance, color, and the emission of infrared radiation.
As many physical properties depend on temperature, the variety of thermometers is...

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.
Step 3: Assess the patient's forehead...

Reconstruction of Signal using Interpolation

Reconstruction of Signal using Interpolation

Signal processing techniques are essential for accurately converting continuous signals to digital formats and vice versa. When a continuous signal is sampled with a period T, the resulting sampled signal exhibits replicas of the original spectrum in the frequency domain, spaced at intervals equal to the sampling frequency. To handle this sampled signal, a zero-order hold method can be applied, which creates a piecewise constant signal by retaining each sample's value until the next sampling...

Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane

Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane

Assessing tympanic membrane temperature involves using a tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT). Here is a step-by-step guide:
Step 1: Begin by practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
Step 2: Turn on the thermometer and wait until the ready sign appears on the screen to ensure accurate measurement.
Step 3: Slide the probe cover in place to prevent cross-contamination.
Step 4: Instruct the patient to tilt their head to the side for comfort and check for cerumen...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

The Frequency Domain Thermoreflectance Technique for Thermal Property Measurements

The Frequency Domain Thermoreflectance Technique for Thermal Property Measurements

Published on: December 5, 2025

High-precision signal processing algorithm to evaluate SAW properties as a function of temperature.

Ismail Shrena¹, David Eisele, Jochen Bardong

¹Department of Microsystems Engineering at the University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. shrena@imtek.de

IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control

|April 4, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a signal processing algorithm to precisely measure surface acoustic wave (SAW) properties and their temperature dependence. The algorithm accurately determines key acoustic parameters for substrate characterization.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Acoustics
Signal Processing

Background:

Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) devices are crucial in various electronic applications.
Accurate characterization of SAW properties, especially their temperature dependence, is essential for device performance and reliability.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a signal processing algorithm for evaluating SAW properties of substrates as a function of temperature.
To investigate the temperature dependency of group velocity, phase velocity, propagation loss, and coupling coefficient.

Main Methods:

The algorithm analyzes transfer functions from short and long delay lines.
It determines center frequency and delay time difference between delay lines.
Extracted parameters are used to calculate SAW material acoustic properties.

Main Results:

The algorithm accurately evaluates SAW properties including group velocity, phase velocity, propagation loss, and coupling coefficient.
Temperature dependency of these SAW properties is successfully obtained.
Validation confirms the algorithm's accuracy in calculating delay time difference, center frequency, and group velocity.

Conclusions:

The developed signal processing algorithm provides an accurate method for characterizing SAW properties and their temperature dependence.
This method is valuable for the design and optimization of SAW devices operating under varying thermal conditions.