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Leprosy and its dental management guidelines.
1Centre for International Child Oral Health, King's College London, London, UK. bellad@doctors.org.uk
International Dental Journal
|April 5, 2013
Summary
Leprosy patients exhibit significant orofacial manifestations, including nerve involvement, necessitating specialized dental care. A new clinical protocol guides dentists in managing these oral health issues in leprosy patients.
Area of Science:
- Oral Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Dermatology
Background:
- Leprosy, caused by Mycobacterium leprae, is a chronic disease affecting skin, nerves, and orofacial structures.
- Orofacial manifestations include alveolar bone destruction and tooth loss, impacting dental health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate orofacial manifestations in leprosy patients at the Bombay Leprosy Project.
- To develop clinical guidelines for dentists managing leprosy patients.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 43 diagnosed leprosy patients.
- Questionnaires assessed oral health status and hygiene; clinical examinations included extra-oral and intra-oral assessments.
Main Results:
- 84% of patients were male, mean age 35.9 years.
- 49% had extra-oral lesions, 28% had intra-oral lesions (e.g., hyperpigmented patches).
- 21% experienced cranial nerve involvement, most commonly the trigeminal nerve.
Conclusions:
- A clinical dental pathway protocol was developed for leprosy patients.
- Highlights the importance of dental management and cranial nerve examination.
- Low infectivity allows standard infection control measures in dental settings.
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