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Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
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MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...
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Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
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Rapid and Refined CD11b Magnetic Isolation of Primary Microglia with Enhanced Purity and Versatility
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MicroRNA function in NK-cell biology.

Aimee M Beaulieu1, Natalie A Bezman, Jang Eun Lee

  • 1Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.

Immunological Reviews
|April 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs are key regulators of immune responses, particularly in natural killer (NK) cell development and function. Their ablation impacts immunity during inflammation, infection, and immune dysregulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression.
  • Emerging evidence highlights the critical role of miRNAs in orchestrating immune cell development and function.
  • Natural killer (NK) cells are crucial innate immune cells with roles in antiviral and antitumor responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent discoveries on the function of specific microRNAs in natural killer (NK) cell biology.
  • To discuss the consequences of NK cell dysfunction on the broader immune system.
  • To explore the implications of microRNA dysregulation in immune-related conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating microRNA function in NK cells.
  • Analysis of data from global and specific microRNA knockout models.
  • Synthesis of findings related to inflammation, infection, and immune dysregulation.

Main Results:

  • Specific microRNAs have been identified as critical regulators of NK cell development and effector functions.
  • Dysregulation of these microRNAs leads to altered NK cell activity.
  • NK cell perturbations resulting from microRNA ablation have significant systemic immune consequences.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs are essential for maintaining NK cell homeostasis and function.
  • Targeting microRNAs offers potential therapeutic strategies for immune disorders.
  • Understanding microRNA-NK cell interactions is vital for advancing immunology and treating immune diseases.