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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

Published on: March 6, 2018

Intermittent versus continuous androgen deprivation in prostate cancer.

Maha Hussain¹, Catherine M Tangen, Donna L Berry

¹University of Michigan, Division of Hematology/Oncology, 1500 E Medical Center Dr., 7314 CC, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0946, USA. mahahuss@umich.edu

The New England Journal of Medicine

|April 5, 2013

Summary

This study found intermittent androgen deprivation therapy for metastatic prostate cancer did not prove non-inferior to continuous therapy for survival. While quality of life improved short-term, long-term survival outcomes remain inconclusive.

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A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

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Published on: November 7, 2025

Area of Science:

Oncology
Urology
Clinical Trials

Background:

Metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) frequently develops castration resistance under androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT).
Hypotheses suggest that modulating androgen levels before disease progression may extend the duration of androgen dependence.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate if intermittent androgen deprivation (IAD) is non-inferior to continuous androgen deprivation (CAD) in prolonging survival for mHSPC patients.
To assess differences in quality of life (QoL) between IAD and CAD groups.

Main Methods:

A randomized trial involving 1535 mHSPC patients with PSA levels ≥5 ng/mL after initial 7-month ADT.
Patients were stratified and assigned to either IAD or CAD, with survival and QoL as coprimary endpoints.
Median follow-up was 9.8 years, with a non-inferiority margin of a hazard ratio of 1.20 for death with IAD.

Main Results:

Median survival was 5.8 years for CAD versus 5.1 years for IAD (HR 1.10; 95% CI 0.99-1.23), indicating statistical inconclusiveness regarding non-inferiority.
IAD showed transient improvements in erectile function and mental health at 3 months post-randomization.
No significant differences in high-grade adverse events were observed between the groups.

Conclusions:

The study could not definitively establish non-inferiority of IAD to CAD for survival in mHSPC due to statistical limitations.
While IAD offered minor short-term QoL benefits, the risk of increased mortality with IAD cannot be excluded.
Further research is needed to clarify the optimal ADT strategy for mHSPC.