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July 2012 Greenland melt extent enhanced by low-level liquid clouds.

R Bennartz1, M D Shupe, D D Turner

  • 1Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA. bennartz@aos.wisc.edu

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Area of Science:

  • Climatology
  • Atmospheric Science
  • Glaciology

Background:

  • Ice sheet melting contributes to global sea-level rise.
  • Unusual surface melting occurred across the Greenland ice sheet in July 2012.
  • The role of clouds in Arctic surface melt events requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of low-level liquid clouds in the 2012 Greenland ice sheet melt event.
  • To understand the radiative properties of clouds that enhance surface melting.
  • To assess the frequency of such clouds in the Arctic.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized surface-based observations and remote sensing data.
  • Employed a surface energy-balance model.
  • Analyzed cloud optical thickness and radiative effects.

Main Results:

  • Optically thin, low-level liquid clouds increased near-surface temperatures by enhancing downwelling infrared radiation and allowing solar radiation penetration.
  • These clouds were crucial for the extensive surface melt observed in July 2012.
  • Such clouds are frequent in the Arctic (30-50% of the time).

Conclusions:

  • Thin, low-level liquid clouds play a significant role in Arctic ice sheet melt events.
  • Climate models may under-predict these clouds, impacting Arctic surface energy budget simulations.
  • Understanding these cloud processes is vital for accurate climate change feedback assessments.