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Related Concept Videos

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion01:17

Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion

Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
The Role of Diffusion in Respiration
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the respiratory system, this principle...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

A Proinflammatory, Degenerative Organ Culture Model to Simulate Early-Stage Intervertebral Disc Disease.
05:46

A Proinflammatory, Degenerative Organ Culture Model to Simulate Early-Stage Intervertebral Disc Disease.

Published on: February 14, 2021

Apparent diffusion coefficient in normal and abnormal pattern of intervertebral lumbar discs: initial experience.

Gang Niu1, Xuewen Yu, Jian Yang

  • 1Department of Diagnostic Radiology, the First Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.

Journal of Biomedical Research
|April 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values can differentiate non-bulging lumbar discs from bulging or herniated ones. This quantitative MRI measure aids in assessing molecular changes in abnormal intervertebral discs.

Keywords:
apparent diffusion coefficientdisc bulgingdisc herniationintervertebral lumbar disc

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Preparation of Intact Bovine Tail Intervertebral Discs for Organ Culture
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Preparation of Intact Bovine Tail Intervertebral Discs for Organ Culture

Published on: February 2, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

A Proinflammatory, Degenerative Organ Culture Model to Simulate Early-Stage Intervertebral Disc Disease.
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A Proinflammatory, Degenerative Organ Culture Model to Simulate Early-Stage Intervertebral Disc Disease.

Published on: February 14, 2021

Preparation of Intact Bovine Tail Intervertebral Discs for Organ Culture
13:37

Preparation of Intact Bovine Tail Intervertebral Discs for Organ Culture

Published on: February 2, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Imaging
  • Radiology
  • Spine Diagnostics

Background:

  • Lumbar disc abnormalities are common causes of back pain and sciatica.
  • Morphological classification of intervertebral discs is crucial for diagnosis.
  • Quantitative imaging biomarkers are needed for objective assessment of disc degeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between morphological disc changes (non-bulging, bulging, herniated) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values.
  • To assess the utility of ADC values in quantifying molecular alterations in lumbar intervertebral discs.

Main Methods:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to examine 32 healthy volunteers and 28 patients.
  • Intervertebral lumbar discs (L1-S1) were morphologically classified and graded for degeneration.
  • Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the nucleus pulposus (NP) were measured.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in mean NP ADC values were observed between non-bulging/herniated discs and both bulging and herniated discs (P < 0.05).
  • No significant difference in NP ADC values was found between bulging and herniated discs (P > 0.05).
  • A statistically significant relationship existed between NP ADC values and disc degeneration status, including non-bulging degenerated discs and herniated discs (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping of the nucleus pulposus is a valuable tool for quantitative assessment of lumbar disc abnormalities.
  • ADC values can help distinguish between normal and abnormal intervertebral discs based on morphology.
  • This quantitative MRI approach may aid in understanding componential and molecular changes associated with lumbar disc pathology.