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Related Concept Videos

Articulations of the Vertebral Column01:28

Articulations of the Vertebral Column

In addition to being held together by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebrae also articulate with each other at synovial joints formed between the superior and inferior articular processes called zygapophysial joints (facet joints). These are plane joints that provide for only limited motions between the vertebrae. The orientation of the articular processes at these joints varies in different regions of the vertebral column and serves to determine the types of motions available in each...
Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
Cranial and Spinal Meninges01:19

Cranial and Spinal Meninges

The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
These meningeal layers cover the cranium. The dura mater is the outermost layer of cranial meninges. It is a thick and durable membrane of dense...
Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy01:19

Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy

The cranial nerves are an important part of the complex network of nerves in the human body. These nerves emerge directly from the brain and are responsible for transmitting essential information between the brain and various parts of the head and neck. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, systematically numbered using Roman numerals from I to XII, beginning from the anterior and moving to the posterior of the brain. Each cranial nerve is uniquely identified by names that reflect its function...
Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...

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Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model
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Craniocervical junction abnormalities in dogs.

C W Dewey1, D J Marino, C A Loughin

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. cwd27@cornell.edu

New Zealand Veterinary Journal
|April 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Craniocervical junction abnormality (CJA) in dogs, including Chiari-like malformation, affects the skull and upper spine. This review covers current understanding and treatment options for these complex conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary neurology
  • Comparative anatomy
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Craniocervical junction abnormality (CJA) comprises developmental defects in the occiput and upper cervical vertebrae.
  • Chiari-like malformation is the most prevalent CJA in dogs, attracting significant research interest.
  • Other CJAs include atlanto-occipital overlap, C1/C2 dorsal constriction, and atlantoaxial instability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of current knowledge regarding canine Craniocervical junction abnormalities.
  • To review available medical and surgical treatment strategies for dogs diagnosed with CJA.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent clinical investigations and scientific publications on canine CJA.
  • Synthesis of information on the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and diagnostic approaches to CJA.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of common CJA types, with a focus on Chiari-like malformation in dogs.
  • Discussion of the diagnostic challenges and imaging modalities used for CJA evaluation.
  • Summary of current therapeutic interventions, encompassing both conservative medical management and surgical options.

Conclusions:

  • Craniocervical junction abnormalities represent a significant group of neurological disorders in dogs.
  • Effective management requires accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment plans, often involving specialized veterinary care.
  • Continued research is crucial for advancing the understanding and treatment of these complex conditions.