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Transition State Theory01:25

Transition State Theory

Transition-state theory, also known as activated-complex theory, provides a molecular-level explanation of reaction rates in both gas-phase and solution-phase reactions. It extends earlier kinetic models by considering the formation of a short-lived, high-energy configuration during a reaction.The progress of a chemical reaction can be represented using a reaction profile, which plots potential energy against the reaction coordinate. As two reactant molecules approach one another, their...
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Cooperative Allosteric Transitions01:58

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Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism
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Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism

Published on: October 17, 2025

Dynamic criticality at the jamming transition.

Atsushi Ikeda1, Ludovic Berthier, Giulio Biroli

  • 1Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, UMR 5221, CNRS and Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|April 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thermal vibrations in dense suspensions reveal critical scaling near the jamming transition. These dynamic fluctuations show diverging time and length scales, highlighting the transition

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Area of Science:

  • Soft matter physics
  • Statistical mechanics

Background:

  • Dense suspensions of soft repulsive spheres exhibit jamming at a critical volume fraction (ϕJ) at zero temperature.
  • Understanding the behavior near the jamming transition is crucial for soft matter systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize low-temperature vibrational motion in dense suspensions.
  • To investigate critical scaling phenomena around the jamming transition.
  • To explore the role of anharmonicity in vibrational dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of vibrational motion in dense suspensions of soft repulsive spheres.
  • Examination of thermal vibrations across a range of volume fractions (ϕ) and temperatures (T).
  • Comparison of experimental observations with harmonic and anharmonic theories.

Main Results:

  • Characteristic time and length scales of thermal vibrations exhibit critical scaling near jamming.
  • Dynamic fluctuation amplitude and timescale diverge symmetrically around ϕJ, indicating a diverging correlation length.
  • A characteristic temperature scale T(⋆)(ϕ) divides the critical region into harmonic and anharmonic regimes, vanishing quadratically with distance to ϕJ.
  • Nonperturbative anharmonic contributions are responsible for the quadratic scaling of T(⋆)(ϕ), with amplitudes much smaller than perturbative predictions.

Conclusions:

  • Thermal vibrations in colloidal assemblies directly reveal the critical nature of the jamming transition.
  • The critical region is characterized by distinct harmonic and anharmonic regimes.
  • Nonperturbative anharmonic effects play a significant role in vibrational dynamics near jamming.
  • The experimentally accessible critical region remains narrow.