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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant
08:52

Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Published on: May 27, 2011

T-cell therapies for HIV.

Sharon Lam1, Catherine Bollard

  • 1Center for Cell & Gene Therapy, 1102 Bates Street, Ste 1770.01, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Immunotherapy
|April 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary

T-cell therapy shows promise for treating HIV, potentially reducing or eliminating the need for antiretroviral therapy. Early studies indicate limited efficacy but no adverse events, with ongoing research exploring advanced T-cell modifications.

Area of Science:

  • Immunotherapy
  • Virology
  • Cellular Therapy

Background:

  • Antiretroviral therapy (ART) improves quality of life for HIV(+) individuals but is not curative and requires strict adherence.
  • T-cell therapy is emerging as a therapeutic strategy for opportunistic infections and cancers.
  • The potential of T-cell therapy for treating Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the efficacy and safety of T-cell therapy as a potential treatment for HIV.
  • To evaluate the potential of T-cell therapy to reduce or eliminate reliance on ART for HIV patients.

Main Methods:

  • Infusion of ex vivo-expanded HIV-specific T cells.
  • Development of genetically modified T cells, including CD4 chimeric antigen receptors (CARs).

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Expanding Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes from Umbilical Cord Blood that Target Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr Virus, and Adenovirus

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New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals
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New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals

Published on: May 30, 2013

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant
08:52

Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Published on: May 27, 2011

Expanding Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes from Umbilical Cord Blood that Target Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr Virus, and Adenovirus
11:18

Expanding Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes from Umbilical Cord Blood that Target Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr Virus, and Adenovirus

Published on: May 7, 2012

New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals
09:27

New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals

Published on: May 30, 2013

  • Preclinical studies and analysis of available clinical data.

    • Main Results:

    • Infusion of HIV-specific T cells demonstrated limited efficacy but no adverse events.
    • Genetically modified T cells with CD4 CARs show enhanced persistence compared to those used in cancer therapy.
    • Available data suggests T-cell therapy holds potential for HIV treatment.

    Conclusions:

    • T-cell therapy presents a promising avenue for managing HIV, potentially offering an alternative to lifelong ART.
    • Further clinical studies are needed to fully establish the efficacy and long-term benefits of T-cell therapy for HIV.
    • Advancements in T-cell engineering, such as CARs, may improve therapeutic outcomes for HIV patients.