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Pneumothorax-I

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

Published on: March 12, 2020

Spontaneous pneumorrhachis.

Patrick L Carolan¹, Sonia L Wright, Vaishali Jha

¹Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55404, USA. patrick.carolan@childrensmn.org

Pediatric Emergency Care

|April 6, 2013

Summary

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is rare in children. This case highlights air dissecting into the spinal canal, a condition we term "spontaneous pneumorrhachis," distinct from other causes.

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Area of Science:

Pediatric medicine
Thoracic surgery
Medical imaging

Background:

Pneumomediastinum, the presence of air in the mediastinum, is uncommon in pediatric patients.
Air from mediastinal sources can dissect into various anatomical compartments.
Understanding the pathways of air dissection is crucial for diagnosis and management.

Observation:

A 16-year-old adolescent presented with spontaneous pneumomediastinum.
Radiographic evaluation revealed concurrent air within the spinal canal.
This association suggests a potential pathway for air migration.

Findings:

The case demonstrates spontaneous pneumomediastinum with extension into the spinal canal.
This specific presentation warrants a distinct terminology.
Proposed term: spontaneous pneumorrhachis.

Implications:

The term "spontaneous pneumorrhachis" aids in distinguishing this condition from other causes of air in the spinal canal.
Recognizing this entity may influence diagnostic and treatment strategies in pediatric patients.
Further research is needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms and prevalence.