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Updated: May 12, 2026

An Assay to Detect Protection of the Retinal Vasculature from Diabetes-Related Death in Mice
Published on: January 12, 2024
Association of Pro12Ala polymorphism in peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma with proliferative diabetic
Khadija Tariq1, Saira Bano Malik, Syeda Hafiza Benish Ali
1Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Purpose:
The association of non-synonymous substitution polymorphism rs1801282 (c.34C>G, p.Pro12Ala) in exon 4 of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma gene with diabetic retinopathy (DR) has been reported inconsistently. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to understand the population-specific role of the Pro12Ala polymorphism in DR susceptibility in Pakistani subjects.
Methods:
A total of 180 subjects with DR, 193 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with no diabetic retinopathy, and 200 healthy normoglycemic non-retinopathic Pakistani individuals were genotyped for the rs1801282 (c.34C>G) polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.
Results:
We found the individuals with T2DM carrying 12Ala were at a reduced risk of developing DR (odds ratio [OR]=0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.33-0.87). Upon stratified analysis regarding disease severity, we observed this protective effect was confined to proliferative DR (OR=0.4; 95% CI=0.2-0.8) with non-significant effects on the susceptibility of non-proliferative DR (OR=0.67; 95% CI=0.37-1.19).
Conclusions:
We report a protective role of the 12Ala polymorphism against proliferative DR in individuals with T2DM in Pakistan.
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