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Isolation, Behavioral Identification, and Pathogenicity Assessment of Entomopathogenic Fungi from a Forest Wood Borer
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Can insects develop resistance to insect pathogenic fungi?

Ivan M Dubovskiy1, Miranda M A Whitten, Olga N Yaroslavtseva

  • 1Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.

Plos One
|April 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) larvae evolved specific resistance to Beauveria bassiana fungus over generations. This enhanced defense involved prioritizing integumental immunity, not general life-history traits.

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Area of Science:

  • Insect pathology
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Fungal pathogens pose significant threats to insect populations.
  • Understanding insect immune responses to pathogens is crucial for pest control and ecological studies.
  • The Greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) is a model organism for studying insect immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate microevolutionary adaptations and resistance mechanisms in Galleria mellonella against the fungal pathogen Beauveria bassiana.
  • To determine if resistance is specific to Beauveria bassiana or a general response to fungal pathogens.
  • To uncover the underlying defense and stress management strategies and their potential costs.

Main Methods:

  • Selective breeding of Galleria mellonella larvae under constant pressure from Beauveria bassiana.
  • Comparative analysis of defense mechanisms between resistant (selected) and susceptible (non-selected) insect lines.
  • Assessment of specific immune responses, including enzyme activity and gene expression, in response to fungal infection.

Main Results:

  • 25th generation Galleria mellonella larvae showed significantly enhanced resistance specifically to Beauveria bassiana, not Metarhizium anisopliae.
  • Infected insects prioritized integumental defenses (cuticle and epidermis) over systemic immunity.
  • Enhanced expression of the fungal enzyme inhibitor IMPI and increased cuticular phenoloxidase activity were observed in resistant lines.

Conclusions:

  • Galleria mellonella can evolve transgenerationally primed, pathogen-specific resistance to Beauveria bassiana.
  • This resistance is achieved by re-allocating resources to front-line integumental defenses, rather than compromising life-history traits.
  • The findings highlight the plasticity of insect immune systems and the role of localized responses in combating specific fungal threats.