Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Fungal Phylum Basidiomycota01:26

Fungal Phylum Basidiomycota

Basidiomycota is a diverse phylum of fungi that includes ecologically significant decomposers such as white rot fungi, symbionts like mycorrhizal fungi, plant pathogens such as rusts and smuts, and edible species like Agaricus bisporus (the common button mushroom). These fungi play crucial roles in nutrient cycling, symbiotic relationships, and even human health. Their defining feature is the basidium, a microscopic club-shaped structure responsible for producing basidiospores.Fruiting Bodies...
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Aesculetin-mediated recruitment of denitrifying microbiota by resistant rapeseed suppresses Plasmodiophora brassicae via nitrate depletion.

The ISME journal·2026
Same author

Quantitative Visualization of Console Behavior During Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy Using the Da Vinci 5 System: A Case-Based Technical Report.

Cureus·2026
Same author

First-Line Enfortumab Vedotin Plus Pembrolizumab in Platinum-Ineligible Urothelial Carcinoma: A Three-Case Series.

Cureus·2026
Same author

FloSeal® for Parenchymal Hemostasis in Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy: Technical Description and a Report of Two Cases.

Cureus·2026
Same author

Multiscale insights into sodium storage in hard carbon from <i>operando</i> small- and wide-angle neutron scattering measurements.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Harnessing Aspergillus and host M genes for sustainable phyllosphere microbiome engineering.

Crop health·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Assay for Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP)-Triggered Immunity (PTI) in Plants
08:45

Assay for Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP)-Triggered Immunity (PTI) in Plants

Published on: September 9, 2009

Pattern-triggered immunity suppresses programmed cell death triggered by fumonisin b1.

Daisuke Igarashi1, Gerit Bethke, Yuan Xu

  • 1Department of Plant Biology, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.

Plos One
|April 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) suppresses programmed cell death (PCD) in Arabidopsis, potentially by inhibiting late MPK3/MPK6 signaling. This suppression occurs independently of jasmonic acid, ethylene, or salicylic acid pathways, offering new insights into plant defense mechanisms.

More Related Videos

A Deep-sequencing-assisted, Spontaneous Suppressor Screen in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
07:55

A Deep-sequencing-assisted, Spontaneous Suppressor Screen in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Published on: March 7, 2019

Microfluidic Tools for Probing Fungal-Microbial Interactions at the Cellular Level
08:19

Microfluidic Tools for Probing Fungal-Microbial Interactions at the Cellular Level

Published on: June 23, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Assay for Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP)-Triggered Immunity (PTI) in Plants
08:45

Assay for Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP)-Triggered Immunity (PTI) in Plants

Published on: September 9, 2009

A Deep-sequencing-assisted, Spontaneous Suppressor Screen in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
07:55

A Deep-sequencing-assisted, Spontaneous Suppressor Screen in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Published on: March 7, 2019

Microfluidic Tools for Probing Fungal-Microbial Interactions at the Cellular Level
08:19

Microfluidic Tools for Probing Fungal-Microbial Interactions at the Cellular Level

Published on: June 23, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Molecular plant pathology
  • Plant innate immunity

Background:

  • Programmed cell death (PCD) is vital for plant immunity and development.
  • While effector-triggered immunity (ETI) often involves PCD, pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) is not typically associated with it.
  • The molecular mechanisms regulating plant PCD remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that PTI suppresses PCD in plants.
  • To elucidate the signaling pathways involved in PTI-mediated suppression of PCD.
  • To determine the role of plant hormones and MAP kinases in this process.

Main Methods:

  • Arabidopsis thaliana treated with mycotoxin fumonisin B1 (FB1) to induce PCD.
  • Application of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) like flg22 and elf18 to assess PTI-mediated suppression.
  • Analysis of PCD in mutants deficient in jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ET), and salicylic acid (SA) signaling.
  • Monitoring of MAP kinase (MPK3/MPK6) activation in response to FB1 and MAMPs.

Main Results:

  • PTI, induced by flg22 or elf18, suppressed FB1-triggered PCD in Arabidopsis.
  • This suppression was not dependent on JA, ET, or SA signaling pathways.
  • FB1 induced a late activation of MPK3 and MPK6, which was attenuated by flg22 treatment.

Conclusions:

  • PTI suppresses FB1-induced PCD in Arabidopsis, suggesting a regulatory role for PTI beyond pathogen perception.
  • The suppression mechanism likely involves the attenuation of late MPK3/MPK6 signaling.
  • This PTI-mediated PCD suppression operates independently of major plant hormone signaling pathways (JA, ET, SA).