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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
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Signs of Puberty

Puberty is a critical phase, typically beginning between the ages of 8 and 13 in girls and 9 and 14 in boys, though timing can vary based on genetics, environmental factors, and overall health. This period is characterized by the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the attainment of reproductive potential. Endocrine changes underpin puberty, with hormonal surges of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) instigated by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)...
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Self-esteem, a crucial component of psychological development, is significantly shaped by familial experiences. The early parent-child relationship serves as a foundational influence on a child's self-concept, with long-lasting effects extending into adolescence and adulthood.Parental Behaviors and Early Self-Esteem FormationEmpirical studies have identified four principal parental behaviors that foster healthy self-esteem in children. These include expressions of acceptance, affection, and...
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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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A modern form of aggression is bullying. As you learn in your study of child development, socializing and playing with other children is beneficial for children’s psychological development. However, as you may have experienced as a child, not all play behavior has positive outcomes. Some children are aggressive and want to play roughly. Other children are selfish and do not want to share toys. One form of negative social interactions among children that has become a national concern is bullying.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Influence of Emotional Factors on the Efficacy of Acupuncture Treatment for Overweight Complicated with Hyperlipidemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
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Peer problems are associated with elevated serum leptin levels in children.

G Kohlboeck1, M Romanos2, C Tiesler1

  • 1Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology I, Neuherberg, Germany.

Psychological Medicine
|April 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Children experiencing emotional symptoms and peer problems show higher serum leptin levels. This suggests a link between psychological stress and elevated leptin in youth.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Child Psychology
  • Metabolic Health

Background:

  • Leptin plays a role in stress response.
  • Previous research has not explored the link between psychological stress and leptin in children.
  • This study investigates the association between emotional symptoms, peer problems, and serum leptin levels in 10-year-old children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the relationship between emotional symptoms and peer problems with serum leptin levels in children.
  • To understand the impact of psychological stress on leptin concentrations in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized cross-sectional data from 2827 children aged 10 years.
  • Measured serum leptin concentrations and behavioral problems via the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).
  • Employed linear regression analysis, controlling for BMI, SES, pubertal development, and sex hormones.

Main Results:

  • Increased emotional symptoms and peer problems significantly correlated with higher serum leptin levels.
  • Results were consistent after controlling for BMI and sociodemographic factors.
  • A significant association was observed in girls, with a borderline association in boys for peer problems.

Conclusions:

  • Children facing peer problems exhibit higher stress, leading to increased food intake and body fat mass.
  • This contributes to elevated leptin resistance and consequently, higher serum leptin levels.
  • Highlights the impact of psychosocial factors on metabolic regulation in children.