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Related Concept Videos

Machines: Problem Solving I01:22

Machines: Problem Solving I

A toggle clamp is a mechanical device commonly used for holding and clamping objects in various applications, such as woodworking, metalworking, and assembly operations. Consider a toggle clamp subjected to a force of 200 N at the handle. The vertical clamping force can be calculated, provided the dimensions of the toggle clamp are known.
The toggle clamp system is a machine structure consisting of movable, pin-connected multi-force members that form a stabilized system to transmit forces. The...
Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.
General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading01:12

General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading

Unsymmetrical bending occurs when the bending moment applied to a structural member does not align with its principal axis. This misalignment leads to complex stress distributions and deflection patterns that differ from symmetrical bending, which are essential for designing structures to withstand different loading conditions.
Consider a member subjected to equal and opposite forces that are applied along a line that does not coincide with the member's neutral axis. In unsymmetrical bending,...
Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
Method of Sections01:30

Method of Sections

Consider a truss structure, as shown in the figure.
Machines: Problem Solving II01:30

Machines: Problem Solving II

Machines are complex structures consisting of movable, pin-connected multi-force members that work together to transmit forces. Consider a lifting tong carrying a 100 kg load. It comprises movable sections DAF and CBG linked together with member AB.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition
07:32

Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition

Published on: February 23, 2024

Force levels in complex tooth alignment with conventional and self-ligating brackets.

Mona A Montasser1, Tarek El-Bialy, Ludger Keilig

  • 1Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. mmontasser11@yahoo.com

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, Its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics
|April 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Choosing the right orthodontic archwire and bracket is crucial for controlled tooth movement. Coaxial and Thermalloy archwires generated the lowest forces, ideal for leveling and alignment.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Biomechanics
  • Dental Materials Science

Background:

  • Controlled force application is essential in orthodontic treatment to prevent adverse effects and achieve desired tooth movements.
  • Archwire-bracket combinations significantly influence the forces exerted on teeth during orthodontic therapy.
  • Understanding these forces is key to optimizing treatment outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally measure the forces generated by various orthodontic archwire-bracket combinations during simulated complex tooth movements.
  • To compare the biomechanical performance of conventional, self-ligating, and low-friction brackets with different archwire types.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an experimental biomechanical setup to simulate maxillary central incisor displacement (2mm gingival, 2mm labial).
  • Tested combinations of three orthodontic bracket types (conventional, self-ligating, low-friction) and four archwire types (stainless steel, coaxial, Orthonol, Thermalloy).
  • Measured forces in the x-axis (gingival-labial) and z-axis (mesial-distal) directions.

Main Results:

  • The lowest forces were observed with 0.0155-in coaxial and 0.012-in Thermalloy archwires, ranging from 0.7-4.5 N.
  • Highest forces were recorded with 0.012-in stainless steel archwires, ranging from 1.7-6.3 N.
  • Elastomeric rings increased applied forces when used with conventional brackets.

Conclusions:

  • 0.0155-in coaxial and 0.012-in Thermalloy archwires are recommended for optimal leveling and alignment in orthodontic treatment.
  • The choice of archwire-bracket system significantly impacts force delivery, influencing treatment efficiency and patient comfort.
  • Further research into specific material properties and their interaction is warranted.