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Longitudinal associations between HIV risk reduction and out-of-school time program participation
Jennifer Sarah Tiffany1, Deinera Exner-Cortens, John Eckenrode
1Bronfenbrenner Center for Translational Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. jst5@cornell.edu
Purpose:
The study aimed to determine the longitudinal associations between several variables assessing positive youth development and HIV risk-reduction practices.
Methods:
Participants were 329 youth enrolled in out-of-school time programs in New York City. Longitudinal data were collected in three waves during 2008-2009 (baseline, 6-month follow-up, and 12-month follow-up). Because of the nested nature of the data, multivariate analyses were performed using multilevel models.
Results:
At baseline, HIV risk reduction was associated with female gender, greater individual-level program participation, and greater school connectedness. Over time, HIV risk reduction was associated with program-level participation: Individuals in groups with program-level participation scores 1 standard deviation below the average showed significant declines in risk reduction practices over the 1-year study period compared with individuals in more participatory programs.
Conclusions:
This study provides support for the out-of-school environment as an important context for sustaining HIV risk reduction and positive health promotion practices.
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