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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side of the...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a short...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...
Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.

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Related Experiment Videos

Does cubitus varus cause morphologic and alignment changes in the elbow joint?

Yohei Kawanishi1, Junichi Miyake, Toshiyuki Kataoka

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
|April 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Cubitus varus, a condition following pediatric fractures, alters elbow joint morphology and alignment. This study reveals distinct bone shape and joint positioning differences in affected elbows compared to normal ones.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Pediatric orthopedics
  • Biomechanical analysis

Background:

  • Cubitus varus can lead to elbow joint deformity and misalignment.
  • Potential complications include ulnar nerve palsy and instability.
  • The specific morphologic changes in cubitus varus remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate bone morphology and elbow joint alignment in longstanding cubitus varus.
  • To utilize 3D computer models from CT data for detailed analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Study included 14 patients with cubitus varus post-supracondylar fracture.
  • 3D bone models of humerus, radius, and ulna were generated from CT scans.
  • Comparison of morphology and alignment between affected and unaffected elbows.

Main Results:

  • Cubitus varus elbows showed larger posterior trochlea, lateral capitellum, and radial head.
  • The ulna's trochlear notch shifted laterally.
  • Elbow joint alignment involved distal and medial ulna shift with external rotation and flexion.

Conclusions:

  • Longstanding cubitus varus significantly alters elbow joint morphology.
  • Alignment of the elbow joint is demonstrably different from the unaffected side.