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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance
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Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance

Published on: December 5, 2025

Dynamic coding for cognitive control in prefrontal cortex.

Mark G Stokes1, Makoto Kusunoki, Natasha Sigala

  • 1Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK. mark.stokes@ohba.ox.ac.uk

Neuron
|April 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists explored how the primate prefrontal cortex adapts neural activity for cognitive flexibility. Findings reveal how neural states change to follow context-dependent rules, crucial for intelligent decision-making.

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance
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11:47

Modulating Cognition Using Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Cerebellum

Published on: February 15, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Primate Behavior

Background:

  • Cognitive flexibility is essential for intelligent behavior.
  • The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is linked to flexible cognition.
  • Mechanisms of PFC neural adaptation to context remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate context encoding and maintenance in primate PFC.
  • Understand how PFC neural activity supports flexible decision-making.
  • Elucidate neurophysiological principles of adaptive neural responses.

Main Methods:

  • Time-resolved population-level neural pattern analysis.
  • Analysis of neural activity in primate PFC during decision-making tasks.
  • Investigating neural state transitions and tuning properties.

Main Results:

  • Instruction cues induce rapid state transitions in PFC, leading to stable, low-activity states.
  • Post-cue neural states are differentially tuned to task rules.
  • Decision-making involves stimulus-specific responses evolving into rule-dependent final states.

Conclusions:

  • PFC neural tuning adapts to behavioral context changes.
  • Flexible cognitive function relies on context-dependent neural adaptation in PFC.
  • Short-term synaptic plasticity may underlie this flexible tuning.