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Related Concept Videos

Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
10:59

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

The response to DNA damage during differentiation: pathways and consequences.

Paola Fortini1, Chiara Ferretti1, Eugenia Dogliotti1

  • 1Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.

Mutation Research
|April 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The DNA damage response (DDR) coordinates DNA repair, but its function varies by cell type. This review explores how stem cells and somatic cells differ in maintaining genome integrity, impacting aging and disease prevention.

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
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Characterizing DNA Repair Processes at Transient and Long-lasting Double-strand DNA Breaks by Immunofluorescence Microscopy
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Visualizing Single-Stranded DNA Foci in the G1 Phase of the Cell Cycle
08:30

Visualizing Single-Stranded DNA Foci in the G1 Phase of the Cell Cycle

Published on: December 22, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Genomic DNA damage triggers the DNA damage response (DDR), involving repair, cell cycle arrest, and cell death/senescence.
  • DDR and DNA repair mechanisms are influenced by lesion type and cell-cycle phase.
  • Cellular context significantly impacts DNA repair and DDR functionality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review common and distinct mechanisms of genome integrity control across different cell types.
  • To emphasize the roles of these mechanisms in preventing aging and disease.
  • To explore how self-renewal and differentiation programs influence DNA damage management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on DNA damage response and repair.
  • Comparative analysis of DDR mechanisms in stem cells versus somatic cells.
  • Focus on cell-type-specific strategies for maintaining genome integrity.

Main Results:

  • DNA damage risk and repair strategies vary based on cell type and its function.
  • Stem cells and post-mitotic cells exhibit distinct approaches to DNA damage.
  • Differences in DNA repair can lead to mutation amplification in stem cells or affect tissue homeostasis in post-mitotic cells.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding cell-type-specific genome maintenance is crucial for preventing aging and disease.
  • Stem cells employ unique DDR mechanisms due to their self-renewal and differentiation potential.
  • Differential DNA repair strategies highlight the adaptability of cellular systems to maintain genomic stability.