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Related Concept Videos

Electrocardiogram01:29

Electrocardiogram

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and the T...
Observational Studies01:11

Observational Studies

Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One example of...
Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography01:17

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography

Cardiac imaging studies encompass a wide range of noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques designed to visualize the heart's structure and function in detail. One such technique is echocardiography, which uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to produce detailed images of the heart, known as echocardiograms.
Indications: Echocardiography is utilized to diagnose heart failure, valve disorders, and myocardial infarction. It also assesses cardiac structures' size, shape, and motion, evaluates...
Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Electroencephalographic, Heart Rate, and Galvanic Skin Response Assessment for an Advertising Perception Study: Application to Antismoking Public Service Announcements
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Electroencephalographic, Heart Rate, and Galvanic Skin Response Assessment for an Advertising Perception Study: Application to Antismoking Public Service Announcements

Published on: August 28, 2017

Acute electrocardiographic changes during smoking: an observational study.

Sivasubramanian Ramakrishnan1, Kinjal Bhatt, Akhilesh K Dubey

  • 1Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

BMJ Open
|April 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Smoking acutely increases heart rate and ectopic beats, potentially causing ischemic ST-T changes. Heart rate variability (HRV) index is significantly reduced in smokers, indicating electrophysiological alterations.

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Electroencephalographic, Heart Rate, and Galvanic Skin Response Assessment for an Advertising Perception Study: Application to Antismoking Public Service Announcements
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Impact Assessment of Repeated Exposure of Organotypic 3D Bronchial and Nasal Tissue Culture Models to Whole Cigarette Smoke
09:50

Impact Assessment of Repeated Exposure of Organotypic 3D Bronchial and Nasal Tissue Culture Models to Whole Cigarette Smoke

Published on: February 12, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Smoking is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
  • Electrophysiological changes associated with smoking are not fully understood.
  • Assessing the immediate impact of smoking on cardiac function is crucial for risk stratification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temporal relationship between smoking and electrophysiological changes.
  • To compare heart rate variability (HRV) parameters in smokers versus non-smokers.
  • To identify acute cardiac effects of smoking in individuals with atypical chest pain.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective observational study conducted at a tertiary cardiac center.
  • Inclusion of 31 male smokers with atypical chest pain and negative/mildly positive treadmill tests.
  • 24-hour Holter monitoring during smoking periods and comparison of HRV parameters with 15 healthy non-smokers.

Main Results:

  • Smoking acutely increased heart rate (83.8 to 90.5 bpm) and ectopic beats (5.3 to 9.8/h).
  • Significant ST-T changes were observed in 9.7% of smokers post-smoking.
  • The HRV index was significantly lower in smokers (15.2±5.3) compared to controls (19.4±3.6), p=0.02.

Conclusions:

  • Smoking causes acute increases in heart rate and ectopic beats.
  • Ischemic ST-T changes can occur during smoking episodes.
  • While spectral HRV parameters were comparable, the HRV index demonstrated significant abnormalities in smokers, suggesting impaired cardiac autonomic function.