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Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
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Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
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Subviral Agents

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Membrane Lipids01:32

Membrane Lipids

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Updated: May 12, 2026

A Pipeline to Investigate the Structures and Signaling Pathways of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptors
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Published on: June 8, 2022

Viral infections and sphingolipids.

Jürgen Schneider-Schaulies1, Sibylle Schneider-Schaulies

  • 1Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology
|April 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Sphingolipids regulate viral life cycles by controlling cell entry, replication, and release. Understanding these interactions offers new therapeutic strategies against viral infections.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Sphingolipids are crucial for immune function.
  • They also play regulatory roles in viral life cycles, impacting host cell processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted roles of sphingolipids and their metabolites in viral infections.
  • To understand how these lipids influence viral entry, replication, assembly, and release.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on sphingolipid metabolism and viral pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of sphingolipid involvement in host-pathogen interactions, including receptor function and signal transduction.

Main Results:

  • Sphingolipids mediate viral attachment, entry (e.g., Galactosylceramide for HIV), and intracellular processes.

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  • They modulate cytoskeleton dynamics and cellular responses to infection.
  • Sphingolipids can either promote or inhibit viral infections depending on the pathogen.

    • Conclusions:

    • Sphingolipids are critical regulators of viral life cycles and host responses.
    • Targeting sphingolipid pathways presents potential therapeutic avenues for viral diseases.