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Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia
04:32

Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia

Published on: June 28, 2018

Antimicrobial use, incidence, etiology and resistance patterns in bacteria causing ventilator-associated pneumonia in

Michel Rodrigues Moreira1, Munick Paula Guimarães, Aurélia Aparecida de Araújo Rodrigues

  • 1Laboratório de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil. moreira.mr@hotmail.com

Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira De Medicina Tropical
|April 9, 2013
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Increased antibiotic use in ICUs correlates with rising antimicrobial resistance. Specifically, higher consumption of carbapenems and glycopeptides was linked to more resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterobacteriaceae strains causing ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Clinical Pharmacy

Background:

  • Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant threat in hospital settings.
  • Inappropriate antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) worsens patient outcomes.
  • This study investigates antimicrobial usage and resistance in a clinical-surgical ICU.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate antimicrobial consumption patterns.
  • To determine the incidence and etiology of VAP.
  • To analyze antimicrobial resistance trends of key nosocomial pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • Compared antimicrobial consumption (glycopeptides, cephalosporins, carbapenems) and VAP data between two periods (A and B).
  • Focused on Gram-negative bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus as causative agents.
  • Utilized defined daily dose (DDD) per 1,000 patient days for consumption metrics.

Main Results:

  • High overall antibiotic use, with increased consumption of glycopeptides and carbapenems in period B.
  • Significant rise in VAP cases caused by Acinetobacter baumannii (5.27-fold) and Enterobacteriaceae (3.06-fold).
  • Increased resistance rates observed for imipenem-resistant A. baumannii and third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.

Conclusions:

  • A link exists between institutional antibiotic usage and the prevalence of resistant bacteria.
  • Carbapenem use, particularly imipenem/meropenem, is associated with high resistance rates in Acinetobacter baumannii.
  • Antibiotic selective pressure significantly impacts resistance development in VAP pathogens.

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