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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a membrane...
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Structural and functional overview of the lectin complement pathway: its molecular basis and physiological

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|April 9, 2013
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The lectin pathway, part of innate immunity, uses mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and ficolins to fight pathogens. Its components are vital for preventing infections, with MASP-3 potentially playing a key role in development.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Innate Immunity
  • Complement System

Background:

  • The complement system is a crucial part of innate immunity, with three activation pathways: classical, alternative, and lectin.
  • The lectin pathway is initiated by mannose-binding lectin (MBL) or ficolins binding to pathogen carbohydrates.
  • MBL and ficolins associate with MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs) and their truncated forms, forming complexes that activate complement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the roles of various components within the lectin pathway, particularly MASP-1, MASP-2, MASP-3, sMAP, and MAp44.
  • To understand the contribution of the lectin pathway to innate immunity and host defense against infections.
  • To explore the potential involvement of MASP-3 in developmental processes.

Main Methods:

  • The study focuses on the molecular interactions and functional roles of lectins (MBL, ficolins) and MASPs within the lectin pathway.
  • Investigates the activation of complement components C4 and C2 by lectin-MASP complexes.
  • Examines the association of lectin pathway component deficiencies with susceptibility to infections.

Main Results:

  • MASP-2 is essential for activating C4 and C2, while MASP-1 activates C2 and MASP-2.
  • The precise functions of MASP-3, sMAP, and MAp44 in the lectin pathway remain to be fully determined.
  • Deficiencies in lectin pathway components correlate with increased susceptibility to infections, highlighting its importance in innate immunity.

Conclusions:

  • The lectin pathway, initiated by MBL and ficolins, plays a critical role in innate immunity by activating complement and defending against pathogens.
  • MASP-1 and MASP-2 have defined roles in complement activation, whereas MASP-3, sMAP, and MAp44 require further investigation within this pathway.
  • Emerging evidence suggests a significant role for MASP-3 in development, warranting further research.