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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans

Published on: April 28, 2022

Interoceptive awareness, tension reduction expectancies and self-reported drinking behavior.

Alexander F Schmidt¹, Tim Eulenbruch, Clara Langer

¹Department of Psychology, Social & Legal Psychology, University of Bonn, Kaiser-Karl-Ring 9, 53111 Bonn, Germany. afschmidt@uni-bonn.de

Alcohol and Alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire)

|April 9, 2013

Summary

Interoceptive awareness (IA), or sensing internal body signals, did not directly link to alcohol compulsions. However, IA interacted with tension reduction expectancies to predict drinking behaviors.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychology
Addiction Research

Background:

Interoceptive processes are implicated in substance use behaviors.
Empirical evidence directly linking physiological measures of interoceptive awareness (IA) to alcohol consumption is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between objective measures of IA and alcohol consumption.
To examine the interaction between IA and alcohol outcome expectancies, specifically tension reduction expectancies (TRE), in predicting drinking behaviors.

Main Methods:

Interoceptive awareness (IA) was assessed using an electrocardiogram heart rate tracking task in alcohol-dependent patients.
Tension reduction expectancies (TRE), drinking compulsions, and obsessions were measured via self-report questionnaires.

Main Results:

No direct correlation was found between interoceptive awareness (IA) and measures of drinking compulsions or obsessions.
A significant interaction emerged between IA and TRE, indicating they jointly predicted drinking compulsions and obsessions.

Conclusions:

The findings suggest that impaired interoceptive awareness may contribute to the maintenance of alcohol use disorders.
Neglecting bodily feedback signals could be a key factor in problematic drinking behaviors.