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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a membrane...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Acute Inflammation II: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation II: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response01:26

Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

Acute inflammation is a rapid, short-lived physiological response to tissue injury or infection, designed to eliminate harmful agents and initiate repair. This tightly regulated process typically lasts from minutes to several days and is triggered by factors such as microbial invasion, physical trauma, or chemical injury.Recognition and Mediator ReleaseThe inflammatory response begins when resident immune cells—such as mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells—detect damage-associated...

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Complement in immune and inflammatory disorders: pathophysiological mechanisms.

Daniel Ricklin1, John D Lambris

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. ricklin@upenn.edu

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|April 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The complement system, when dysregulated, drives inflammation and tissue damage in various diseases. Modulating complement activity offers a promising therapeutic strategy for inflammatory conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Inflammation Biology
  • Complement System Research

Background:

  • Inflammation is a key factor in numerous diseases, with distinct underlying mechanisms.
  • The complement system is increasingly implicated in immunological and inflammatory conditions, including degenerative diseases, cancer, and transplant rejection.
  • Imbalances in complement activation can lead to immune dysregulation, promoting a cycle of inflammation, cell damage, and disease exacerbation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the functional and collaborative roles of the complement system.
  • To highlight diseases where complement plays a significant role.
  • To explore the potential of complement-targeted therapies for inflammatory diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of complement system function.
  • Analysis of complement's involvement in various disease pathologies.
  • Synthesis of current research on immunomodulatory strategies targeting complement.

Main Results:

  • The complement system exhibits complex functional and collaborative capabilities.
  • Significant contributions of complement have been identified in degenerative diseases, cancer, and transplant rejection.
  • Dysregulated complement activation exacerbates inflammation and tissue damage.

Conclusions:

  • Therapeutic modulation of complement activity presents a viable upstream approach for inhibiting inflammatory processes.
  • Targeting the complement system offers a promising focal point for developing novel immunomodulatory treatments for inflammatory diseases.
  • Further investigation into complement's specific role in individual diseases is crucial for effective therapeutic development.