Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Goiter01:27

Goiter

Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Screening and Assessment of Bone Health in Indian Women Using an Indigenous ELISA of Human Osteocalcin a Bone Turnover Marker.

Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB·2020
Same author

Pediatric Endocrinology in India: Development, Progress, Problems and Challenges.

Indian journal of pediatrics·2018
Same author

Growth Disorders.

Medical journal, Armed Forces India·2016
Same author

Development of an ELISA for sPSP94 and utility of the sPSP94/sPSA ratio as a diagnostic indicator to differentiate between benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.

Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry·2014
Same author

Molecular genetic studies in isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD).

Indian journal of pediatrics·2013
Same author

Serum 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone in normal full term and preterm vs sick preterm and full term newborns in a tertiary hospital.

Indian journal of pediatrics·2012
Same journal

Development and Validation of a Comprehensive Obesity Assessment Tool: Integrating Lifestyle, Body Image, and Past Weight Management.

Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism·2026
Same journal

The Indian Obesity Paradox- Low in Muscle, High in Fat.

Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism·2026
Same journal

Serial Changes in Thyroid Hormones with Oral or Intravenous Bisphosphonates.

Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism·2026
Same journal

Role of Serum Triiodothyronine-to-Thyroxine Ratio and Thyroid Colour Flow Doppler in Differentiation of Graves' Disease from Destructive Thyroiditis.

Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism·2026
Same journal

Efficacy of Fixed Low-Dose Weekly Subcutaneous Testosterone Self-Administration in Transgender Male Patients in India.

Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism·2026
Same journal

What Works in Type 2 Diabetes: Intermittent Fasting or Calorie Restriction or Both?

Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions
05:41

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions

Published on: February 9, 2024

Congenital hypothyroidism: Screening dilemma.

Meena P Desai1

  • 1Hon. Consultant, B.J. Wadia Hospital for Children and Institute of Child Health and Research Centre - Endocrinology Division, Parel, and Hon. Pediatrician, Sir Hurkisondas Nurrotumdas Hospital and Research Centre, Raja Rammohan Roy Road, Mumbai, India.

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
|April 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is crucial for preventing developmental delays. Early detection and treatment significantly improve neurodevelopmental outcomes and growth in affected infants.

Keywords:
Congenital hypothyroidismneonatal screening

More Related Videos

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions
05:41

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions

Published on: February 9, 2024

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a common endocrine disorder in infants.
  • Primary sporadic CH is the leading cause of hypothyroidism in early childhood in iodine-sufficient areas.
  • Neonatal screening for CH (NSCH) has been implemented since the 1970s.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the established rationale and importance of neonatal screening for CH.
  • To underscore the impact of NSCH on preventing severe neurodevelopmental damage and growth failure.

Main Methods:

  • Measurement of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones in cord blood enables newborn screening (NS) for CH.
  • NSCH is a mandatory screening program in many developed countries.
  • Worldwide, approximately 25% of 130 million annual births are screened for CH.

Main Results:

  • Early treatment (by 3 months) of CH improves central nervous system (CNS) prognosis, as demonstrated by Klein et al. in 1972.
  • NSCH has been highly effective in preventing severe irreversible neurodevelopmental damage.
  • NSCH has reversed the likelihood of growth failure in infancy and early childhood.

Conclusions:

  • Neonatal screening for CH is a vital public health measure.
  • Early detection and treatment through NSCH are critical for optimal infant development.
  • NSCH has significantly improved long-term outcomes for children with CH.