Isolated urethral tuberculosis in a middle-aged man: a case report

Area of Science:

• Urology
• Infectious Diseases
• Pathology

Background:

• Urogenital tuberculosis is prevalent in endemic areas but presents with diverse clinical symptoms.
• Isolated urethral tuberculosis is an exceptionally rare form, even in high-prevalence regions.
• This case highlights a rare presentation of urogenital tuberculosis in a male patient.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a rare case of isolated urethral tuberculosis.
• To emphasize the diagnostic challenges and clinical presentation of this rare condition.
• To underscore the importance of considering tuberculosis in differential diagnoses for urethral strictures and fistulas.

Main Methods:

• A 40-year-old male presented with dysuria, purulent discharge, and urethro-scrotal fistulas.
• Initial diagnosis was non-specific urethral stricture; urethroplasty was performed.
• Histological examination of biopsies confirmed urethral tuberculosis.

Main Results:

• The patient initially presented with symptoms suggestive of non-specific urethral stricture with fistulas.
• Delayed healing and persistent fistulas prompted suspicion of tuberculosis.
• Histopathology confirmed urethral tuberculosis, leading to prompt antitubercular treatment and significant improvement.

Conclusions:

• Isolated urethral tuberculosis is a rare but important diagnosis to consider in urology.
• Practitioners should maintain a high index of suspicion for tuberculosis in patients with unexplained urethral strictures and fistulas.
• Early diagnosis and appropriate antitubercular therapy are essential for favorable outcomes.