Techniques and materials for enhancement of peripheral nerve regeneration: a literature review

Peripheral nerve surgery performed under unfavorable conditions results in increased scar formation and suboptimal clinical outcomes. Providing the operated nerve with a protective barrier, reduces fibrosis and adhesion formation and may lead to improved outcomes. The ideal coverage material should prevent scar and adhesion formation, and maintain nerve gliding during motion. Nerve protection using autologous tissues has shown good results, but shortcomings include donor site morbidity and limited availability. Various types of methods and materials have been used to protect nerves. There are both advantages and disadvantages associated with the various materials and techniques. In this report we summarize currently used protective materials applied for nerve coverage under various surgical conditions.