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Acute Kidney Injury Model Induced by Cisplatin in Adult Zebrafish
Published on: May 15, 2021
Science behind cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in humans: a clinical study
P A Arunkumar1, G L Viswanatha, N Radheshyam
1Department of Pharmacology, PES College of Pharmacy, Bangalore-560 050, India.
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine
|April 10, 2013
Summary
Cisplatin chemotherapy can cause acute kidney injury through electrolyte disturbances like low magnesium, calcium, phosphate, and potassium. Prompt corrective measures are crucial to prevent nephrotoxicity in cancer patients.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Oncology
- Clinical Chemistry
Background:
- Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapy agent for various cancers.
- Nephrotoxicity is a significant dose-limiting side effect of cisplatin.
- Electrolyte imbalances are common but their direct link to cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity requires further elucidation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between serum electrolyte changes and cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
- To assess the impact of cisplatin chemotherapy on serum and urine electrolyte levels.
- To identify specific electrolyte disturbances associated with acute kidney injury in cancer patients.
Main Methods:
- Prospective data collection from 18 cancer patients undergoing cisplatin chemotherapy.
- Measurement of serum electrolytes (magnesium, calcium, phosphate, potassium), creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) before and after chemotherapy.
- Analysis of urine potassium, sodium, and pH levels to assess renal function and electrolyte excretion.
Main Results:
- Cisplatin chemotherapy led to significant hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and hypokalemia.
- Increased serum creatinine and BUN levels indicated acute kidney injury.
- A decrease in urinary potassium excretion was observed, with no significant changes in urinary sodium or pH.
Conclusions:
- Acute nephrotoxicity in cancer patients undergoing cisplatin chemotherapy is strongly associated with electrolyte disturbances.
- Electrolyte imbalances, including hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia, are key indicators of cisplatin-induced kidney damage.
- Initiating corrective measures for electrolyte imbalances is essential to mitigate cisplatin-related nephrotoxicity.
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