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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Best practices in innovative type 2 diabetes program management: a case study.

H Eric Cannon¹

¹Pharmacy Services and Program Development, Intermountain Health Care, 36 South State St., Suite 1900, Salt Lake City, UT 84111, USA. hpecannon@ihc.com

Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy : JMCP

|April 11, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Intermountain Health Care

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Public Health
Health Management

Background:

Type 2 diabetes is a growing public health concern.
Effective disease management programs are crucial for improving patient outcomes.
Integrated approaches have shown promise in chronic disease care.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a case study of a successful type 2 diabetes disease management program.
To illustrate the components of an evidence-based, integrated approach.
To demonstrate the impact of such a program in a managed care setting.

Main Methods:

Implementation of a multi-component intervention strategy.
Utilizing a regularly updated treatment algorithm.
Employing a comprehensive patient data registry and reminder system.
Integrating pharmacist and nurse support.
Providing physician performance reports for outcome comparison.

Main Results:

Increased identification of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Improved glycemic control, indicated by HbA1c levels.
Unexpected improvement in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.

Conclusions:

An integrated, evidence-based disease management program can significantly improve type 2 diabetes outcomes.
Such programs are effective in managed care settings.
Potential for long-term cost reduction in diabetes care.