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Gender differences in the growing, abnormal, and aging jaw.

Julie Glowacki1, Kristina Christoph

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. jglowacki@rics.bwh.harvard.edu

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Summary

Human facial structure shows consistent gender-specific traits. These differences extend to jaw growth, tooth eruption, and bone aging, particularly in women post-tooth loss.

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Area of Science:

  • Anthropology
  • Dentistry
  • Genetics
  • Endocrinology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Human facial morphology exhibits notable consistency in gender-specific traits despite variations in overall size and shape.
  • Complex interactions govern jaw growth and tooth eruption, displaying distinct gender-specific developmental pathways in pediatric and adolescent populations.
  • Genetic, endocrine, and nutritional factors influence craniofacial development, leading to both gender-specific and non-specific developmental disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and summarize the known gender-specific differences in human facial structure, jaw development, and aging processes.
  • To highlight the complex interplay of genetic, endocrine, and nutritional factors in craniofacial development.
  • To examine gender-specific alterations in jawbone integrity, particularly concerning tooth loss and aging.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on human craniofacial morphology and development.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on gender-specific trajectories in jaw growth and tooth eruption.
  • Examination of research on age-related changes in jawbone density and the impact of tooth loss, with a focus on sex differences.

Main Results:

  • Consistent, quantifiable gender-specific facial traits are observed across diverse human populations.
  • Gender-specific developmental trajectories are evident in the relationship between jaw growth and tooth eruption during childhood and adolescence.
  • Accelerated jawbone atrophy following tooth loss is a pronounced gender-specific phenomenon, especially in aging women.

Conclusions:

  • Significant gender-specific differences exist in human facial structure, craniofacial development, and aging.
  • These differences are influenced by complex regulatory controls and are particularly evident in jawbone health and response to tooth loss in women.
  • Understanding these gender-specific traits is crucial for fields ranging from anthropology to clinical dentistry and geriatric care.